CA Foundation Business Laws case studies
CA Foundation Business Laws · Put your knowledge to work in context.
CA Foundation Business Laws is the law paper of the entry-level Foundation course of the Indian chartered accountancy route, examined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). It is written for aspirants who have just finished school or are switching into commerce and audit careers, and it functions as a gateway: until you clear the Foundation level you cannot begin the Intermediate study that leads to articleship and membership. The CA Foundation Business Laws case studies are 5 cases and about 4,527 words.
1A Firm Offer, a Postal Acceptance and a Promised 'Incentive'
On 3 March, Vardhman Foods Ltd (VFL) couriered a signed offer to Kaveri Packaging: 40,000 printed cartons at ₹46 each, delivery by 31 March, with a line reading 'this offer remains open for acceptance until 15 March'. The letter reached Kaveri on 5 March.
921 words, about 5 min2Surety, Unilateral Variation and the Release of a Co-surety's Security
In January 2024 Nandini, a retired school teacher, signed a written guarantee in favour of Deccan Mercantile Bank Ltd for the credit purchases of Kirti Traders, her nephew's firm: 'up to a limit of ₹25,00,000, this guarantee to be a continuing guarantee until I give you notice in writing.' The bank sanctioned a cash-credit facility of ₹25,00,000 against the guarantee in February 2024. In August 2024, without informing Nandini, the bank raised the limit to ₹40,00,000 and also advanced a separate ₹10,00,000 term loan to Kirti Traders on a fresh request letter.
873 words, about 4 min3Reservation of Title, Transit Loss and Defective Seed
Meghdoot Seeds Ltd contracted to sell to Suryodaya Agro 500 jute bags, 50 kg each, of certified Grade A basmati seed 'conforming to the sample given on 4 April', at ₹6,400 a bag, delivery by handing the consignment to a carrier nominated by the buyer. On 20 April Meghdoot handed 500 bags to Suryodaya's nominated transporter at Mundra and took a clean lorry receipt.
905 words, about 5 min4Dividend Out of a Revaluation Reserve, a Late-registered Charge and an Unregistered Transferee
Sundara Agrotech Private Limited was incorporated in 2019 with paid-up capital of ₹2,00,00,000. On 31 March 2025 it had accumulated losses of ₹85,00,000.
926 words, about 5 min5A Time-barred Debt, an Unclaimed Notice and a Stopped Cheque
Thekhana Hospitality Private Limited bought chemicals worth ₹9,20,000 from Avi Chemicals under an invoice dated 10 June 2022. No payment was made, and by June 2025 the claim had run out of limitation.
902 words, about 5 min