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Coded Welder (EN ISO 9606) study materials
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Coded Welder (EN ISO 9606) practice questions

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Question 1Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

EN ISO 9606 is a standard that primarily specifies requirements for which activity?

  1. Procedure qualification for arc welding
  2. Qualification testing of welders - fusion welding Correct answer.
  3. Non-destructive testing of welded joints
  4. Design and calculation of welded structures

Explanation

EN ISO 9606 covers qualification testing of welders for fusion welding. It defines how a welder's competence is demonstrated by test pieces and what the resulting qualification covers. It is not a procedure qualification, NDT, or design standard.

Question 2Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

Which document is the normative reference that governs the vocabulary and definitions used in EN ISO 9606?

  1. EN ISO 15607
  2. ISO 9606-1 only
  3. EN ISO 25901 Correct answer.
  4. EN ISO 14731

Explanation

EN ISO 9606 cites EN ISO 25901 (Welding and allied processes - Vocabulary) as a normative reference for terminology. This ensures terms such as welder, examiner and test piece carry consistent meanings. The other listed documents deal with other subjects.

Question 3Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

In the context of EN ISO 9606, what does the term "welder" specifically denote?

  1. The person responsible for welding coordination
  2. The person who performs visual inspection of the finished weld
  3. Any person employed in a welding workshop
  4. A person who holds and operates the welding equipment to make a weld Correct answer.

Explanation

The welder is the person who manipulates and operates the welding equipment and produces the weld. Coordination duties and inspection duties belong to other roles. Employment in a workshop alone does not define a welder.

Question 4Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

What is the meaning of "qualification" as used in EN ISO 9606?

  1. Successful demonstration of a welder's ability by passing the prescribed tests Correct answer.
  2. Certification of the manufacturer's quality management system
  3. Acceptance of a welded component by the client
  4. Approval of a welding consumable for a given application

Explanation

Qualification in this standard means the welder has demonstrated the required ability by passing the prescribed test, leading to a qualification test certificate. It is a demonstration of welder competence, not of a company system or a product.

Question 5Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

According to EN ISO 9606, who is responsible for conducting and supervising the qualification testing and for signing the qualification test certificate?

  1. The examiner or examining body Correct answer.
  2. The employer's welding coordinator only
  3. The welding consumable manufacturer
  4. The welder being tested

Explanation

The standard places the testing and supervision with the examiner or examining body, which also issues and signs the qualification test certificate. The welder performs the test but does not certify it. Consumable manufacturers have no testing role here.

Question 6Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

EN ISO 9606 is structured as a series with parts. Which statement best describes the relationship between the parts?

  1. Each part covers a different country's national requirements
  2. Each part covers a different welding process group, such as fusion welding of steels and fusion welding of aluminium Correct answer.
  3. Each part covers a different level of welder skill grade
  4. Each part covers a different type of examination method

Explanation

The EN ISO 9606 series is divided by material or process scope, for example steel and aluminium parts. Each part sets the qualification requirements for its specific field. The parts are not organised by nation, skill grade or examination method.

Question 7Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

What does the term "test piece" mean in EN ISO 9606?

  1. A sample of base material taken from the production joint
  2. A calibrated instrument used to measure weld dimensions
  3. A welded assembly made specifically to assess the welder's ability Correct answer.
  4. A specimen cut from a finished production weld for audit

Explanation

A test piece is the assembly welded specifically for the qualification test, from which test specimens are then taken. It is not a production sample or a measuring instrument. The specimens are cut from the test piece for examination.

Question 8Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

Which of the following best describes a "test specimen" as distinguished from a "test piece" in EN ISO 9606?

  1. The complete welded assembly submitted for testing
  2. A portion cut from the test piece for examination Correct answer.
  3. The welding machine used during the test
  4. The certificate issued after successful testing

Explanation

A test specimen is cut or prepared from the welded test piece for the required examinations. The test piece is the whole welded assembly, while specimens are the portions taken from it. The certificate and equipment are unrelated to this distinction.

Question 9Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

What is the purpose of the qualification test certificate issued under EN ISO 9606?

  1. To certify the mechanical properties of the base material
  2. To authorise the welder to design welded joints
  3. To document the extent of the welder's qualification and the conditions under which it is valid Correct answer.
  4. To record the welding procedure parameters for production use

Explanation

The qualification test certificate records the welder's details and the range of qualification, showing what the welder is qualified to do and under which conditions. It is not a procedure document or a material certificate. It does not confer design authority.

Question 10Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

In EN ISO 9606 terminology, what does "range of qualification" refer to?

  1. The number of test pieces a welder must weld in one day
  2. The price range agreed for the qualification testing
  3. The thickness range of the welding machine's capacity
  4. The set of conditions and variables covered by a successful qualification Correct answer.

Explanation

The range of qualification defines the limits within which the qualified welder may work, covering variables such as process, position, material group and thickness. It is derived from the test conditions and the standard's rules. It is not a count of test pieces, a commercial figure or an equipment limit.

Question 11Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

Which of the following is a variable that EN ISO 9606 uses to define the limits of a welder's qualification?

  1. The colour of the welding helmet
  2. The brand name of the welding power source
  3. The welding position used for the test Correct answer.
  4. The ambient noise level in the workshop

Explanation

Welding position is one of the essential variables that determine what a successful test qualifies the welder to do. Other essential variables include process, material group and thickness. Helmet colour, equipment brand and noise are not qualification variables.

Question 12Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

A welder qualified by a test on a given material group wishes to weld a different material group. What does the standard's approach to essential variables imply?

  1. A new qualification test is generally required for the new material group Correct answer.
  2. The existing qualification automatically covers all material groups
  3. The welder may proceed if the employer gives verbal permission
  4. Only a visual check of the welder's previous certificate is needed

Explanation

Material group is treated as an essential variable, so changing to a different group normally requires a new qualification test. Existing qualifications do not automatically extend across material groups. Verbal permission cannot override the qualification rules.

Question 13Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

What is meant by the term "examiner" in EN ISO 9606?

  1. The person who transports the test pieces to the laboratory
  2. The person who verifies the test piece and the test conditions against the standard Correct answer.
  3. The person who supplies the base material
  4. The person who welds the test piece

Explanation

The examiner is the competent person who checks that the test piece and the testing conditions conform to the standard and who signs the certificate. This role is distinct from the welder and from support personnel. Transport and supply functions are not examiner duties.

Question 14Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

Which statement correctly reflects the relationship between EN ISO 9606 and welding procedure qualification standards?

  1. EN ISO 9606 qualifies the welder, while a separate standard such as EN ISO 15614 qualifies the procedure Correct answer.
  2. EN ISO 9606 applies only where no procedure qualification exists
  3. EN ISO 9606 and procedure qualification are identical in content
  4. EN ISO 9606 replaces procedure qualification entirely

Explanation

Welder qualification and procedure qualification are separate but complementary activities. EN ISO 9606 addresses the welder's ability, while procedure qualification standards such as EN ISO 15614 address the welding procedure. One does not replace the other.

Question 15Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

Under EN ISO 9606, what is the significance of the welding process designation in a welder's qualification?

  1. It specifies the language in which the certificate is written
  2. It indicates the trade union category of the welder
  3. It defines the process for which the welder is qualified and is an essential variable Correct answer.
  4. It describes the surface finish of the finished weld

Explanation

The welding process is an essential variable, so the qualification is tied to the process used and tested. A welder qualified for one process is not automatically qualified for another. Process designation has nothing to do with union categories, surface finish or certificate language.

Question 16Scope, normative references and definitions of EN ISO 9606

Which of the following is the correct description of the term "welding position" in the qualification context?

  1. The orientation of the weld relative to gravity during welding Correct answer.
  2. The posture of the welder's body while working
  3. The sequence in which weld passes are deposited
  4. The location of the workshop where welding takes place

Explanation

Welding position describes how the weld is oriented relative to gravity, such as flat, horizontal, vertical or overhead. It is an essential variable because it changes the difficulty of the welder's task. Body posture, workshop location and pass sequence are different concepts.

Question 17Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Under EN ISO 9606, which process number designates manual metal arc welding with a covered electrode?

  1. 311
  2. 111 Correct answer.
  3. 135
  4. 141

Explanation

In the ISO numeric process designation system, 111 denotes manual metal arc welding with a covered (stick) electrode. The number is used directly on welder qualification certificates to state the process.

Question 18Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number corresponds to MIG/MAG welding with a solid wire electrode?

  1. 121
  2. 136
  3. 135 Correct answer.
  4. 131

Explanation

Number 135 is the designation for metal arc welding with a continuous solid wire electrode under active or inert gas shielding. It is the standard entry found on certificates for MIG/MAG work with solid wire.

Question 19Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number identifies TIG welding with a solid filler material?

  1. 145
  2. 141 Correct answer.
  3. 131
  4. 142

Explanation

In the ISO process numbering, 141 denotes tungsten inert gas welding with a solid filler material. The tungsten electrode is non-consumable and the arc is shielded by inert gas.

Question 20Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

A welder certificate shows process number 311. Which welding method does this indicate?

  1. Electroslag welding
  2. Oxy-acetylene welding Correct answer.
  3. Submerged arc welding
  4. Plasma arc welding

Explanation

Number 311 designates oxy-acetylene gas welding, where the heat comes from combustion of acetylene in oxygen. It is a gas process and appears under the 3xx group of process numbers.

Question 21Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which of the following process numbers denotes metal arc welding with a flux-cored wire electrode?

  1. 138
  2. 136 Correct answer.
  3. 135
  4. 114

Explanation

Number 136 is the designation for metal arc welding with a flux-cored wire electrode under gas shielding. Flux-cored wires carry their own flux core, distinguishing them from solid-wire processes.

Question 22Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which group of process numbers in the ISO system is reserved for gas welding processes?

  1. 1xx
  2. 3xx Correct answer.
  3. 7xx
  4. 2xx

Explanation

The ISO numeric system groups processes by family: 1xx for arc welding, 3xx for gas welding and 7xx for other processes such as electroslag and resistance welding. Oxy-fuel welding therefore sits in the 3xx range.

Question 23Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

A welder is qualified with process number 141. Which consumable is used in this process?

  1. A solid filler rod added separately Correct answer.
  2. A granular flux fed ahead of the arc
  3. A continuous flux-cored wire
  4. A consumable covered electrode

Explanation

In process 141 the tungsten electrode is non-consumable and filler, when required, is added as a separate solid rod. The arc is protected by inert shielding gas.

Question 24Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number should appear on a certificate for a welder using the short-circuiting transfer mode with a solid wire and active gas?

  1. 141
  2. 121
  3. 135 Correct answer.
  4. 111

Explanation

Process 135 covers metal active/inert gas welding with a solid wire electrode, and the transfer mode is recorded separately on the qualification range. Short-circuit transfer is a mode within 135, not a separate process number.

Question 25Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

A welder qualified with process 111 wishes to weld with process 114. What does the change from 111 to 114 represent?

  1. A change from covered electrode to flux-cored tubular electrode Correct answer.
  2. A change from single pass to multi-pass
  3. A change from AC to DC current
  4. A change from flat to vertical position

Explanation

Number 114 designates metal arc welding with a flux-covered tubular electrode, distinct from the solid covered electrode of 111. Switching between these numbers is a change of process designation, not merely of current or position.

Question 26Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which statement correctly matches process 131 to its distinguishing feature compared with 135?

  1. 131 uses direct current only, while 135 uses alternating current
  2. 131 uses a flux-cored wire, while 135 uses a solid wire
  3. 131 uses an inert shielding gas, while 135 covers active and inert gas Correct answer.
  4. 131 is autogenous, while 135 requires filler

Explanation

Number 131 denotes MIG welding with a solid wire under inert gas, while 135 is the broader designation for solid-wire gas-shielded welding with active or inert gas. The distinction lies in the shielding gas type.

Question 27Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number designates submerged arc welding with a solid wire electrode?

  1. 311
  2. 135
  3. 121 Correct answer.
  4. 141

Explanation

Number 121 denotes submerged arc welding with a solid wire electrode, where the arc is buried under a layer of granular flux. It is a mechanised, high-deposition process.

Question 28Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

A welder holds a qualification for process 141 with filler. Which activity is consistent with that qualification?

  1. Feeding a continuous wire into a gas-shielded arc
  2. Welding under a blanket of granular flux
  3. Adding a solid rod to a gas-shielded tungsten arc Correct answer.
  4. Fusing pipe ends together without adding filler

Explanation

Process 141 is TIG welding with a solid filler, so the welder manually adds a solid rod to the arc. The tungsten electrode is non-consumable and shielding is by inert gas.

Question 29Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number identifies plasma arc welding?

  1. 141
  2. 12
  3. 15 Correct answer.
  4. 311

Explanation

Plasma arc welding is designated in the 15x group, for example 15 or 151 depending on the variant. It uses a constricted arc through a nozzle, distinct from the free TIG arc of 141.

Question 30Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which combination correctly pairs a process number with the electrode type it uses?

  1. 136 with a solid wire electrode
  2. 121 with a covered electrode
  3. 141 with a consumable wire electrode
  4. 111 with a covered electrode Correct answer.

Explanation

Process 111 uses a covered (stick) electrode that is consumed and provides both filler and shielding. The other pairings mismatch the electrode type to the process number.

Question 31Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

A qualification certificate lists process 135. Which consumable configuration matches this designation?

  1. A continuous solid wire electrode with gas shielding Correct answer.
  2. A covered electrode with slag shielding
  3. A solid wire under granular flux
  4. A tungsten electrode with a separate rod

Explanation

Process 135 is metal arc welding with a continuous solid wire electrode under gas shielding. The wire is fed automatically and the gas protects the molten pool.

Question 32Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which of the following process numbers belongs to the same family group as 111 and 135?

  1. 141
  2. 121 Correct answer.
  3. 311
  4. 72

Explanation

Numbers 111, 135 and 121 all belong to the 1xx group of arc welding processes. The 3xx group covers gas welding and the 7xx group covers processes such as electroslag.

Question 33Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number designates TIG welding without filler material?

  1. 131
  2. 145
  3. 141
  4. 142 Correct answer.

Explanation

Number 142 denotes tungsten inert gas welding without filler material, where the joint is fused autogenously. Process 141 is the variant with solid filler.

Question 34Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

A welder qualified under process 111 is asked to switch to process 136. What is the principal change in the consumable?

  1. From a tungsten electrode to a solid wire
  2. From a covered electrode to a flux-cored wire Correct answer.
  3. From a solid wire to a tungsten electrode
  4. From a solid wire to a covered electrode

Explanation

Process 111 uses a covered stick electrode, whereas process 136 uses a continuous flux-cored wire electrode. The change is therefore from a covered electrode to a flux-cored wire.

Question 35Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which process number is used for metal arc welding with a metal-cored wire electrode?

  1. 135
  2. 114
  3. 138 Correct answer.
  4. 136

Explanation

Number 138 designates metal arc welding with a metal-cored wire electrode, which has a metallic powder core rather than a flux core. It is distinct from the flux-cored 136.

Question 36Welding processes and process designations covered (e.g. 111, 135, 141, 311)

Which statement about the ISO numeric process designation on a welder certificate is correct?

  1. It gives the inspection acceptance level
  2. It states the maximum plate thickness qualified
  3. It records the welding position qualified
  4. It identifies the welding process and consumable type used for qualification Correct answer.

Explanation

The process number on a certificate identifies the welding process and, through its sub-designation, the consumable type used during qualification. Thickness, position and acceptance criteria are recorded in separate fields of the qualification range.

Question 37Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Under EN ISO 9606, which change in welding process normally requires a new qualification test?

  1. Changing from manual metal arc to a different manual metal arc electrode classification
  2. Changing the welding position from flat to horizontal vertical
  3. Changing from manual metal arc welding to gas tungsten arc welding Correct answer.
  4. Changing the base material thickness within the qualified range

Explanation

The welding process is an essential variable, and a change from one process to another (for example from 111 to 141) requires a separate qualification. Electrode classification changes within the same process are handled by consumable grouping rules rather than by process change. Position and thickness variations are governed by their own qualification ranges.

Question 38Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

A welder is qualified with the manual metal arc process using a rutile electrode. Which consumable change would normally fall outside the qualification without further testing?

  1. Using an electrode with a slightly different coating colour
  2. Using the same electrode from a different manufacturer
  3. Using a cellulosic electrode of the same strength class Correct answer.
  4. Using a basic coated electrode of the same strength class

Explanation

Consumables are grouped by type, and a change of electrode covering type (for example from rutile to cellulosic) is treated as an essential variable change. Manufacturer and coating colour are not essential variables. Strength class must be considered separately but a same-class basic electrode may still require checking against the grouping rules.

Question 39Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

In EN ISO 9606, what does the material grouping system primarily determine for a welder's qualification?

  1. The preheat temperature to be used on the test piece
  2. The type of joint preparation required on the test piece
  3. The welding position in which the test piece must be welded
  4. The range of base materials the welder is qualified to weld Correct answer.

Explanation

Base materials are assigned to groups, and a qualification on one material group covers welding within defined related groups. The grouping therefore defines the range of base materials covered. Position, preheat and joint preparation are separate essential variables or test conditions.

Question 40Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

A welder qualified in the flat position (PA) on a plate test piece wishes to weld in the horizontal vertical position (PC). What does EN ISO 9606 generally require?

  1. A new qualification test in the PC position Correct answer.
  2. A new test only if the material group also changes
  3. No additional test, because PA covers all positions
  4. Only a visual check by the inspector, without a new test

Explanation

Position is an essential variable, and qualification in the flat position does not extend to the horizontal vertical position. Each position or position group must be qualified by an appropriate test. A visual check alone does not extend the position range.

Question 41Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Which statement best describes how EN ISO 9606 treats the welding position for a pipe test piece welded in the fixed horizontal axis?

  1. It qualifies no position until a plate test is also passed
  2. It qualifies all positions including vertical down on plate
  3. It qualifies the positions encountered around the pipe circumference Correct answer.
  4. It qualifies only the flat position

Explanation

A fixed pipe welded around its circumference exposes the welder to several positions, and the qualification covers the positions actually welded in that configuration. It does not automatically extend to unrelated configurations such as plate vertical down. A separate plate test is not a precondition.

Question 42Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

A welder is qualified on a butt weld in plate with a thickness of 10 mm. Under EN ISO 9606, the qualified thickness range for the test piece thickness t typically extends:

  1. Only to exactly 10 mm
  2. To a defined upper limit above t and a lower limit below t Correct answer.
  3. Only to thicknesses below 10 mm
  4. To any thickness without limit

Explanation

Thickness is an essential variable, and qualification on a test piece of thickness t covers a range with both lower and upper limits defined by the standard. It is neither restricted to the exact test thickness nor unlimited. The exact limits depend on the thickness of the test piece and the process.

Question 43Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

For a welder qualified on a fillet weld test piece, which statement about thickness qualification is generally correct under EN ISO 9606?

  1. A fillet weld qualification covers plate thickness up to 50 mm automatically
  2. A fillet weld qualification has no thickness limitation
  3. A fillet weld qualification is limited to the fillet throat thickness range tested Correct answer.
  4. A fillet weld qualification covers all butt weld thicknesses

Explanation

Fillet weld qualification is based on the throat thickness of the test piece, and the qualified range is linked to that tested throat thickness. It does not automatically extend to butt welds or to arbitrary plate thicknesses. Separate butt weld qualification is needed for butt welds.

Question 44Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Which of the following is an essential variable relating to joint type in EN ISO 9606?

  1. Changing the welding current level
  2. Changing the shielding gas flow rate
  3. Changing the electrode diameter
  4. Welding a butt weld instead of a fillet weld Correct answer.

Explanation

Joint type (butt versus fillet) is an essential variable, and qualification on one joint type does not automatically cover the other. Electrode diameter, current level and gas flow rate are welding parameters rather than qualification essential variables in this context.

Question 45Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

A welder qualified on a single-sided butt weld without backing wishes to weld a butt weld with backing. How does EN ISO 9606 generally treat this change?

  1. It is covered only if the material group is unchanged
  2. It is covered only if the position remains flat
  3. It is automatically covered because both are butt welds
  4. It may require separate qualification because backing is an essential variable Correct answer.

Explanation

The presence or absence of backing influences the welding technique and is treated as an essential variable affecting the qualification. Qualification without backing does not automatically extend to welding with backing. Material group and position do not remove this requirement.

Question 46Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Under EN ISO 9606, which change of base material is normally permitted without a new test when the welder is qualified in a given material group?

  1. Moving from a low alloy steel to titanium
  2. Moving from a ferritic steel group to a nickel alloy group
  3. Moving between materials within the same group or related groups covered by the qualification Correct answer.
  4. Moving from steel to aluminium

Explanation

Material grouping allows a qualification to cover materials within the same group and related groups as defined by the standard. Moving to fundamentally different material families such as nickel alloys, aluminium or titanium requires separate qualification.

Question 47Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Which of the following best describes the role of the welding process in the essential variables of EN ISO 9606?

  1. It is only relevant for mechanised welding
  2. It is an essential variable that defines the scope of the qualification Correct answer.
  3. It is recorded but has no effect on qualification range
  4. It affects only the test piece dimensions

Explanation

The welding process is one of the essential variables and defines which processes a welder is qualified to use. A qualification for one process does not extend to another process without testing. It is relevant for manual as well as mechanised welding.

Question 48Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

A welder qualified using the gas metal arc welding process with solid wire wishes to use flux cored wire within the same process family. How is this generally handled?

  1. It is covered only if the position is unchanged
  2. It is always covered because the process number is the same
  3. The change of consumable type may be an essential variable requiring assessment or re-testing Correct answer.
  4. It requires a new test only for pipe welds

Explanation

Consumable type is an essential variable, and a change from solid to flux cored wire can fall outside the qualified consumable grouping. Whether re-testing is needed depends on the grouping rules. Position and joint configuration do not remove this consideration.

Question 49Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Which statement about the qualified thickness range for a test piece thinner than about 3 mm is generally correct under EN ISO 9606?

  1. It qualifies only the exact thickness tested
  2. It qualifies an unlimited upper thickness
  3. It qualifies a limited range with a defined upper limit Correct answer.
  4. It qualifies only thicker material

Explanation

For thin test pieces the qualification still defines a range with an upper limit, which is typically restricted compared with thicker test pieces. It is not unlimited and is not restricted to the exact thickness. The upper limit depends on the test piece thickness and process.

Question 50Essential variables and qualification ranges (process, material group, consumable, position, thickness, joint type)

Which of the following changes would normally require re-qualification because it affects an essential variable?

  1. Changing the time of day the test is performed
  2. Changing the inspector performing the visual examination
  3. Changing the welder's employer
  4. Changing the welding position from PC to PF Correct answer.

Explanation

Position is an essential variable, and moving from horizontal vertical (PC) to vertical up (PF) is a change of position that may require separate qualification. Employer, time of day and inspector are administrative matters and are not essential variables.