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JC Graphics practice questions

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Question 1Applied Graphics

In a 2D vector graphics package, which file format stores shapes as mathematical paths and scales without pixelation?

  1. JPEG
  2. PNG
  3. SVG Correct answer.
  4. GIF

Explanation

SVG is a vector format that describes shapes with path, line, and curve elements, so geometry is recalculated at any display size and edges stay sharp. Raster formats store a fixed pixel grid and must be resampled when enlarged.

Question 2Applied Graphics

A designer needs a logo that prints crisply on a billboard and also displays on a website. Which asset strategy best meets this requirement?

  1. Keep a single high-resolution JPEG and downscale it for the web
  2. Store the logo as a 300 dpi PNG and upscale it for the billboard
  3. Build the logo as vector paths and export raster copies only when required Correct answer.
  4. Use a GIF with a large palette for both print and screen

Explanation

Vector paths are resolution-independent, so one master file can output at billboard scale or web scale without loss of edge quality. Raster copies are generated from the vector master only for destinations that demand them.

Question 3Applied Graphics

In the RGB colour model used for screen graphics, what does each channel value represent?

  1. The luminance after gamma correction
  2. The intensity of one additive primary light Correct answer.
  3. The hue angle on a cylindrical colour wheel
  4. The ink density applied by a printing press

Explanation

RGB is an additive model in which red, green, and blue light intensities combine to produce colour on an emissive display. Increasing all three channels equally moves the result toward white.

Question 4Applied Graphics

Why is CMYK preferred over RGB when preparing artwork for offset printing?

  1. CMYK files are always smaller than RGB files
  2. CMYK stores an alpha channel for transparency
  3. CMYK can represent more saturated colours than RGB
  4. CMYK pigments subtract light from white paper, matching how ink behaves Correct answer.

Explanation

Printing inks work subtractively: cyan, magenta, and yellow pigments absorb portions of white light reflected from paper, with black added for depth. Designing in CMYK lets the designer judge colours the press can actually reproduce.

Question 5Applied Graphics

A 24-bit RGB image is described by its colour depth. What does 24-bit mean here?

  1. Each pixel uses 24 bytes of storage
  2. Each pixel stores 8 bits per channel across three channels Correct answer.
  3. The image contains exactly 24 unique colours
  4. The image is limited to a 24-pixel tile repeat

Explanation

Colour depth counts bits per pixel; with three 8-bit channels the total is 24 bits, allowing roughly 16.7 million colour combinations. It is a measure of precision, not of file size or palette size.

Question 6Applied Graphics

Which statement correctly describes the difference between lossy and lossless image compression?

  1. Lossy compression reduces file size by permanently discarding some data Correct answer.
  2. Lossless compression only works on vector artwork
  3. Lossy compression always produces larger files than lossless
  4. Lossless compression discards data that the eye cannot detect

Explanation

Lossy codecs such as JPEG achieve smaller files by removing detail that is unlikely to be noticed, and that detail cannot be recovered. Lossless codecs such as PNG preserve every pixel exactly while still reducing redundancy.

Question 7Applied Graphics

In a Bézier curve, what is the role of a control point that lies off the curve?

  1. It marks the exact midpoint of the curve
  2. It defines the fill colour inside the path
  3. It pulls the curve's shape without necessarily lying on the path Correct answer.
  4. It sets the stroke width at that anchor

Explanation

Off-curve control points act as handles that attract the curve, determining its tangent direction and curvature near the adjacent anchor. The curve passes through anchors but generally not through these handles.

Question 8Applied Graphics

A designer must cut a subject out of a photograph and keep soft hair edges. Which selection approach is most appropriate?

  1. A 1-pixel feather applied to the whole canvas
  2. A layer mask painted with soft-edged brushes Correct answer.
  3. A hard rectangular marquee selection
  4. A colour-based magic wand with zero tolerance

Explanation

Layer masks store per-pixel opacity, so soft brushes let the designer vary transparency gradually along hair strands. This is non-destructive and can be refined at any time.

Question 9Applied Graphics

How does an alpha channel extend a basic RGB image?

  1. It adds a fourth channel storing per-pixel opacity Correct answer.
  2. It increases the colour gamut beyond sRGB
  3. It stores a second colour profile for print
  4. It records the history of edits applied to the file

Explanation

An alpha channel carries transparency information, so each pixel gains an opacity value alongside its colour channels. Compositing software then blends the pixel with whatever lies beneath according to that value.

Question 10Applied Graphics

A bitmap placed in a layout must print at 300 ppi but is currently 600 ppi at the placed size. What happens to effective resolution if the image is enlarged to twice its placed width?

  1. It rises to 1200 ppi
  2. It falls to 300 ppi Correct answer.
  3. It becomes resolution-independent
  4. It stays at 600 ppi

Explanation

Effective resolution is the pixel count divided by the placed physical size, so doubling the placed width halves the ppi. At 600 ppi doubled in width the result is 300 ppi, which still meets the print target.

Question 11Applied Graphics

Which colour space is device-independent and intended to describe colours absolutely rather than relative to a monitor?

  1. CIELAB Correct answer.
  2. Adobe RGB
  3. CMYK
  4. sRGB

Explanation

CIELAB models colour as lightness plus two opponent axes and is designed to approximate human vision independently of any device. Other spaces are tied to specific devices or working conditions.

Question 12Applied Graphics

A vector shape is filled with a gradient defined by two stops in object bounding-box coordinates. What happens when the shape is rotated?

  1. The gradient is rasterised and loses smoothness
  2. The gradient stays fixed to the canvas while the shape rotates
  3. The gradient rotates with the shape because it is tied to the object Correct answer.
  4. The gradient stops are converted to solid colours

Explanation

When a gradient's coordinate space is the object's bounding box, the gradient transforms along with the object, so the fill appears to rotate with the shape. Canvas-relative gradients would instead remain fixed in page space.

Question 13Applied Graphics

A designer needs a repeating diamond pattern across a large poster with the smallest possible file. Which technique is most efficient?

  1. Defining one tile and using a pattern fill Correct answer.
  2. Placing a single flattened raster of the pattern
  3. Drawing every diamond as a separate path
  4. Applying a blur to a solid fill

Explanation

A pattern fill defines one repeating tile that the renderer replicates across the filled area, so the file stores only the tile geometry. This keeps the file small and the pattern resolution-independent.

Question 14Applied Graphics

In a layer-based compositing workflow, what is the main advantage of a clipping mask over erasing pixels?

  1. It hides content non-destructively and can be reversed later Correct answer.
  2. It automatically converts the layer to vector
  3. It permanently deletes hidden pixels to save space
  4. It reduces the file's colour depth

Explanation

A clipping mask limits a layer's visible area to the shape of a base object without altering the underlying pixels, so edits remain reversible. Erasing destroys data permanently.

Question 15Applied Graphics

Which blending mode multiplies the underlying colour by the blend colour, always producing a darker result?

  1. Dodge
  2. Overlay
  3. Screen
  4. Multiply Correct answer.

Explanation

Multiply computes the product of the base and blend values, so any colour darker than white darkens the result and white leaves it unchanged. It is commonly used for shadows and ink effects.

Question 16Applied Graphics

A Bézier segment has an anchor whose outgoing handle is exactly opposite in direction to its incoming handle. What kind of anchor is this?

  1. A smooth anchor with continuous tangent direction Correct answer.
  2. A corner anchor with no tangent continuity
  3. A closed path anchor
  4. A cusp anchor with two independent tangents

Explanation

When the two handles are collinear and point in opposite directions, the curve passes smoothly through the anchor with a continuous tangent. This is the defining property of a smooth node.

Question 17Applied Graphics

A designer converts text to outlines before sending a logo file to a client. What is the primary consequence?

  1. The file loses its colour information
  2. The text gains additional kerning pairs
  3. The file becomes a raster image
  4. The text can no longer be edited as type but will render identically anywhere Correct answer.

Explanation

Converting type to outlines turns glyphs into vector paths, so the file renders without needing the original font installed. The trade-off is that the characters are no longer editable as text.

Question 18Applied Graphics

Which raster export setting best preserves sharp edges of a thin line-art diagram at a small display size?

  1. Rendering from the vector original at the target pixel size Correct answer.
  2. Bicubic downscaling with strong sharpening
  3. Nearest-neighbour scaling from a low-resolution source
  4. JPEG compression at maximum quality

Explanation

Rendering the vector source directly at the final pixel dimensions produces clean anti-aliased edges tuned to that size. Resampling an existing bitmap or relying on compression introduces blur or artefacts.

Question 19Applied Graphics

A spot colour is specified for a two-colour print job. How does it differ from a process colour?

  1. It is used solely for on-screen display
  2. It is a pre-mixed ink printed with its own plate Correct answer.
  3. It exists only in RGB working spaces
  4. It is mixed from the four process inks at output

Explanation

A spot colour refers to a specific pre-mixed ink applied with a dedicated plate, which can reproduce colours outside the CMYK gamut consistently. Process colours instead combine the four standard inks.

Question 20Applied Graphics

An image is assigned the wrong colour profile, making it look oversaturated on screen. What is the correct fix in a colour-managed workflow?

  1. Apply a curves adjustment until it looks right
  2. Assign the correct source profile so the numbers are interpreted properly Correct answer.
  3. Increase the saturation slider to compensate
  4. Convert the image to grayscale and back

Explanation

Assigning the profile changes how the existing pixel values are interpreted, which corrects the appearance without altering the underlying data. Conversion or manual adjustments would instead change the pixel values themselves.

Question 21Applied Graphics

A vector path uses a non-zero winding fill rule. What determines whether a point is inside the filled region?

  1. Whether the signed sum of edge crossings around the point is non-zero Correct answer.
  2. Whether the point lies within the path's bounding box
  3. Whether a ray from the point crosses an even or odd number of edges
  4. Whether the point is closer to a fill anchor than a stroke anchor

Explanation

Under the non-zero rule, each edge crossing contributes a signed count based on direction, and the point is filled when the total is not zero. Oppositely wound subpaths can therefore cancel and create holes.

Question 22Applied Graphics

Two overlapping shapes are combined with a pathfinder 'exclude overlap' operation. What is the resulting geometry?

  1. Only the area shared by both shapes remains
  2. Only the area unique to the top shape remains
  3. The union of both shapes with the shared area removed Correct answer.
  4. Both shapes remain unchanged as separate subpaths

Explanation

Exclude overlap keeps everything covered by either shape but subtracts the intersection, leaving a hole where they overlap. This differs from intersect, which keeps only the shared region.

Question 23Applied Graphics

A designer must prepare a raster image for a press that requires a total ink coverage limit of 300 percent. Which adjustment addresses this requirement?

  1. Reducing the total of CMYK channel values in the darkest areas Correct answer.
  2. Increasing the image resolution to 600 ppi
  3. Adding an alpha channel for transparency
  4. Converting the image to an indexed palette

Explanation

Total ink coverage is the sum of the four CMYK values at a given point, and presses set a maximum because excess ink will not dry properly. Reducing the combined channel values in shadow areas, typically through GCR or UCR, brings the total within the limit.

Question 24Applied Graphics

A gradient mesh is used to shade a curved object in vector artwork. Why does this remain resolution-independent while a blurred raster shadow does not?

  1. The mesh is converted to a raster at export time by definition
  2. The mesh stores a high-resolution bitmap internally
  3. The mesh relies on the monitor's gamma curve to hide pixels
  4. The mesh stores colour at control points and interpolates smoothly at any scale Correct answer.

Explanation

A mesh defines colour at a network of control points and interpolates between them mathematically, so the renderer computes smooth shading at whatever output resolution is requested. A raster blur is baked at fixed pixels and reveals softness or banding when enlarged.

Question 25Applied Graphics

A logo must remain legible when printed at 8 mm wide on a pen barrel. Which design decision most directly supports this?

  1. Simplifying detail and increasing stroke weight relative to size Correct answer.
  2. Adding a fine drop shadow for depth
  3. Applying a subtle gradient across the mark
  4. Using a thin hairline stroke to convey elegance

Explanation

At very small physical sizes, fine detail and thin strokes fall below what the printing process can reproduce, so reducing complexity and thickening strokes preserves legibility. Gradients and shadows add tonal subtlety that small-scale reproduction tends to lose.

Question 26Applied Graphics

A JPEG photograph is opened, rotated 90 degrees, and saved again as JPEG at the same quality setting. What is the main visual consequence of this workflow?

  1. The file size doubles because rotation stores both original and rotated pixel data
  2. The colour mode automatically converts from RGB to CMYK during rotation
  3. The image becomes lossless because rotation removes the original compression artefacts
  4. Generation loss accumulates because each JPEG save re-quantises the DCT coefficients Correct answer.

Explanation

JPEG is a lossy format, so every save discards information by re-quantising DCT coefficients, and repeated cycles degrade the image progressively. Lossless rotation is only possible when the software rewrites the JPEG block structure without re-encoding. A normal rotate-and-save cycle therefore introduces a new generation of loss each time.

Question 27Applied Graphics

In a document destined for offset lithography, which combination correctly pairs a primary ink colour with the secondary colour formed by overprinting two process inks?

  1. Yellow plus magenta produces violet; cyan plus black produces teal
  2. Magenta plus cyan produces blue; cyan plus yellow produces orange
  3. Cyan plus yellow produces green; magenta plus yellow produces red Correct answer.
  4. Cyan plus magenta produces green; yellow plus black produces brown

Explanation

Process printing builds secondaries subtractively: cyan ink absorbs red and yellow ink absorbs blue, so their overlap reflects green. Magenta absorbs green while yellow absorbs blue, leaving red to reflect. These pairings are the basis of CMYK colour mixing.

Question 28Applied Graphics

Which file format stores vector paths as editable objects and is the native interchange format for Adobe Illustrator artwork?

  1. PNG
  2. PSD
  3. AI Correct answer.
  4. TIFF

Explanation

The AI format is Illustrator's native document format and preserves editable paths, layers, and object attributes. TIFF, PSD, and PNG are raster-centric containers, so they cannot carry live vector geometry in an editable form.

Question 29Applied Graphics

A designer must place a full-colour photograph inside a shape so that the photo is only visible within that shape while remaining independently repositionable. Which technique achieves this?

  1. Apply a clipping mask using the shape as the clipping path Correct answer.
  2. Convert the photo to a symbol and scale it to fit the shape
  3. Rasterise the photo and erase the outside area with the eraser tool
  4. Reduce the photo opacity until the shape outline shows through

Explanation

A clipping mask uses a vector path to define visible boundaries while the underlying image stays intact and can still be moved or scaled. This is non-destructive and keeps the original pixels available. Erasing or lowering opacity does not confine the image to the shape cleanly.

Question 30Applied Graphics

Which unit describes resolution as the number of pixels per inch of a displayed or printed image?

  1. dpi
  2. ppi Correct answer.
  3. pt
  4. em

Explanation

Pixels per inch (ppi) measures how many image pixels occupy one inch, describing image resolution. Dots per inch refers to printer output dots, points are a typographic unit, and ems are relative type measures.

Question 31Applied Graphics

A designer needs a small file of a photographic image for a web banner with smooth tonal transitions. Which format is the most appropriate choice?

  1. EPS
  2. GIF
  3. SVG
  4. JPEG Correct answer.

Explanation

JPEG uses lossy DCT compression that is efficient for continuous-tone photographs and keeps file size small. GIF is limited to 256 colours and bands photographic gradients, SVG is for vector graphics, and EPS is a print-oriented container.

Question 32Applied Graphics

What does the term 'leading' refer to in typographic layout?

  1. The horizontal space inserted between individual character pairs
  2. The thickness of a stroke in a display typeface
  3. The vertical distance between successive baselines of text Correct answer.
  4. The amount of space between the text block and the page trim

Explanation

Leading is the baseline-to-baseline distance that controls line spacing in a paragraph. Character-pair spacing is kerning, stroke thickness is a design attribute of the typeface, and trim margins are page layout settings.

Question 33Applied Graphics

What is the primary purpose of a bleed area in a print-ready document?

  1. To provide a margin where the printer can place registration marks
  2. To extend artwork past the trim so slight cutting misalignment leaves no white edge Correct answer.
  3. To define the safe area inside which all body text must be placed
  4. To reserve space for the document's colour bars and slug information

Explanation

Bleed extends background artwork beyond the final trim line so that small variations in guillotine cutting do not expose unprinted paper. Registration marks, colour bars, and slugs live in the printer's slug area outside the bleed, and safe margins are a separate concept.

Question 34Applied Graphics

A vector object is filled with a pattern swatch and then scaled up 400 percent with 'scale strokes and effects' disabled. What happens to the pattern?

  1. The pattern tiles scale proportionally with the object
  2. The fill reverts to a flat colour because patterns cannot exceed the artboard
  3. The pattern is converted into a raster texture at the new size
  4. The pattern tiles keep their original size while the object grows larger Correct answer.

Explanation

When pattern transformation is excluded from object scaling, the tile geometry stays fixed in document space and the enlarged object simply shows more repetitions. Enabling the pattern transform option would scale the tiles with the object. The fill remains a live pattern either way.

Question 35Applied Graphics

A designer samples a colour from a scanned brochure and must match it exactly with a Pantone solid ink. Which reference should be used to find the nearest ink?

  1. A Pantone solid-to-process or solid-coated bridge chart Correct answer.
  2. The RGB hexadecimal value read from the on-screen eyedropper
  3. A CMYK conversion performed by the monitor's default profile
  4. The HSL hue angle of the sampled pixel

Explanation

Bridge charts place solid ink swatches next to their process and screen simulations, letting a designer judge the closest physical match. Screen-sampled RGB or HSL values depend on the monitor and lighting, and default CMYK conversions are not calibrated to a specific ink.

Question 36Applied Graphics

In a colour-managed workflow, what is the function of the rendering intent when converting between profiles?

  1. It selects whether the file is saved as RGB or CMYK
  2. It defines how out-of-gamut colours are mapped into the destination gamut Correct answer.
  3. It sets the bit depth of the converted image
  4. It determines the monitor's white point calibration

Explanation

Rendering intent governs gamut-mapping strategy: perceptual, relative colorimetric, absolute colorimetric, and saturation intents handle out-of-gamut colours differently. Bit depth, white point calibration, and colour mode are separate settings controlled elsewhere in the workflow.

Question 37Applied Graphics

A vector illustration uses strokes on a complex path and must be sent to a service bureau that only accepts PDF. What is the safest way to preserve stroke appearance during export?

  1. Reduce all stroke weights to 0.25 pt to guarantee rendering
  2. Convert the document to a raster image at 72 ppi
  3. Expand or outline the strokes before export so they become filled shapes Correct answer.
  4. Embed the strokes as a linked EPS inside the PDF

Explanation

Outlining strokes converts them to filled outlines, so their appearance cannot be altered by a different RIP or missing font or brush definition. Very thin strokes may render inconsistently, rasterising loses scalability, and nested EPS links add fragility rather than safety.

Question 38Applied Graphics

Which statement correctly describes how a duotone image is constructed for two-ink printing?

  1. One grayscale channel is mapped onto two inks with separate tonal curves Correct answer.
  2. The image is converted to CMYK and only cyan and magenta plates are used
  3. Two RGB channels are discarded and the remaining channel is printed twice
  4. A single spot ink is printed at two different screen angles

Explanation

A duotone uses a single grayscale image whose tones are distributed across two inks by individual transfer curves, producing richer tonal range than one ink alone. It is not a matter of discarding channels or printing one ink twice.

Question 39Applied Graphics

A designer needs to place a 300 ppi image at 6 inches wide in a layout. What minimum pixel width must the source file have?

  1. 600 pixels
  2. 1200 pixels
  3. 2400 pixels
  4. 1800 pixels Correct answer.

Explanation

Pixel width equals output width multiplied by resolution: 6 inches times 300 ppi gives 1800 pixels. Placing a smaller file at that size would lower effective resolution below the target.

Question 40Applied Graphics

In a non-destructive editing workflow, what is the advantage of a Smart Object over a rasterised layer?

  1. It retains the original source data so transformations and filters can be re-edited Correct answer.
  2. It reduces the file size by discarding hidden layer data
  3. It locks the layer so no further edits are possible
  4. It automatically converts all effects to vector paths

Explanation

Smart Objects embed the original pixel or vector source and record transformations and smart filters as editable parameters, avoiding cumulative resampling damage. They do not vectorise effects, and they do not lock the layer against editing.

Question 41Applied Graphics

A logo path contains a self-intersecting loop. Under the even-odd fill rule, what determines whether a region is filled?

  1. A point is filled when its winding count is greater than zero
  2. A point is filled when the path direction is clockwise
  3. A point is filled only if it lies inside the outer bounding box
  4. A point is filled when a ray from it crosses the path an odd number of times Correct answer.

Explanation

Even-odd filling alternates fill and no-fill each time a ray crosses the path, so an odd crossing count means filled and an even count means unfilled. The winding-count test describes the non-zero rule, and bounding box or path direction alone do not decide fill.

Question 42Applied Graphics

A designer must ensure that small white body text remains legible on a mid-tone photographic background in a printed brochure. Which approach best supports legibility?

  1. Place a semi-transparent dark shape or gradient behind the text to raise contrast Correct answer.
  2. Apply a drop shadow in a colour sampled from the photograph
  3. Increase tracking until the letters no longer overlap the image
  4. Set the text in a lighter weight so it blends with the background

Explanation

Placing a controlled dark plate or gradient behind white text increases luminance contrast and isolates the type from busy image detail. Lighter weights reduce stroke thickness and legibility, and shadows sampled from the photo may not separate the letters reliably.

Question 43Applied Graphics

What distinguishes a global colour swatch from a standard process swatch in a vector layout?

  1. Editing the global swatch updates every object that uses it Correct answer.
  2. A global swatch can only be applied to strokes, not fills
  3. A global swatch is always converted to spot ink at output
  4. A global swatch stores only RGB values regardless of document mode

Explanation

A global swatch acts as a single definition that all linked objects reference, so changing it recolours them together. It can be applied to fills and strokes, it is not automatically a spot colour, and it stores values in the document's colour mode.

Question 44Applied Graphics

A raster image must be prepared for a press that limits total ink coverage to 300 percent. Which adjustment most directly enforces that limit?

  1. Convert the image to grayscale before output
  2. Increase the black generation to 100 percent everywhere
  3. Apply a total ink limit in the CMYK output profile settings Correct answer.
  4. Assign an sRGB profile to the CMYK file

Explanation

A total ink limit set in the CMYK output profile caps the combined ink percentages, typically by adjusting black generation and under-colour removal. Converting to grayscale removes colour entirely, and assigning sRGB to a CMYK file is a misapplication of profiles.

Question 45Applied Graphics

A gradient mesh object and a raster gradient of the same size are both scaled to ten times their original size. What is the key difference in output quality?

  1. The mesh becomes a bitmap once it exceeds the artboard
  2. The raster gradient stays sharper because it stores more samples
  3. The mesh stays sharp because it is recalculated mathematically, while the raster gradient shows interpolation artefacts Correct answer.
  4. Both stay equally sharp because gradients contain no detail

Explanation

A mesh is defined by anchor points, mesh lines, and colour values, so it is re-rendered mathematically at any scale. A raster gradient is stored as a fixed pixel grid, so enlarging it interpolates existing pixels and can show banding or softness.

Question 46Applied Graphics

A designer is building a repeating seamless pattern for a large-format poster and wants the smallest possible file. Which approach is most appropriate?

  1. Draw every repeat manually as separate objects across the poster
  2. Place a high-resolution raster image of the whole pattern at 300 ppi
  3. Export the pattern as a series of linked JPEG tiles
  4. Define a single vector tile and fill the shape with it as a pattern swatch Correct answer.

Explanation

A single vector tile stored as a pattern swatch repeats mathematically, so the file holds only the tile definition regardless of poster size. A full-size raster image or many manually drawn repeats adds substantial data.

Question 47Applied Graphics

A logo must stay legible when printed at 8 mm wide on a pen barrel. Which design decision most directly supports that requirement?

  1. Use a script typeface with connected letters for personality
  2. Add a fine drop shadow to give the mark depth
  3. Set the mark in a light weight to appear refined
  4. Simplify detail and increase counter and stroke spacing for small sizes Correct answer.

Explanation

At very small sizes, fine detail and tight counters fill in with ink, so simplifying shapes and opening counters preserves recognition. Shadows, connected scripts, and light weights all reduce legibility when reduced to a few millimetres.

Question 48Applied Graphics

A vector file uses a linked raster image for a texture. The file is sent to a printer without the linked image. What is the most likely result?

  1. The texture is missing or appears as a low-resolution placeholder at output Correct answer.
  2. The texture is automatically regenerated from the vector paths
  3. The texture is converted to a spot colour
  4. The file fails to open because vectors require all links

Explanation

Linked images are referenced by path, not embedded, so a missing link leaves a placeholder or blank area when the file is output. Embedding the image before sending avoids this failure. Vectors do not regenerate raster content, and links are not converted to spot colours.

Question 49Applied Graphics

A designer must output a two-colour job using black plus one Pantone ink. Which document setting prevents the Pantone from being converted to CMYK during PDF export?

  1. Keep spot colours unconverted in the output settings Correct answer.
  2. Convert all text to outlines
  3. Downsample images to 300 ppi
  4. Enable overprint preview for all objects

Explanation

Preserving spot colours in the export settings keeps the Pantone as a separate plate rather than converting it to process inks. Overprint preview, downsampling, and outlining text affect other aspects of output and do not prevent spot-to-process conversion.

Question 50Applied Graphics

A designer must combine two overlapping shapes so that only the area covered by exactly one shape remains. Which pathfinder operation produces this result?

  1. Unite
  2. Minus front
  3. Exclude overlap Correct answer.
  4. Intersect

Explanation

Exclude overlap keeps regions covered by an odd number of shapes, so the single-covered areas remain while the shared overlap is removed. Unite merges everything, minus front subtracts the top shape, and intersect keeps only the shared area.