Safety, Risk Management and First Aid
What this domain tests
Safety, Risk Management and First Aid tests systematic hazard control and the immediate response to injury or illness in a leisure setting.
Core rules
- Risk assessment: identify hazards; decide who may be harmed and how; evaluate risk and controls; record; review.
- Hierarchy of control: eliminate, substitute, isolate or engineer, administrative controls, then PPE. PPE is last, not first.
- Emergency action plan: danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation (DRABC); call emergency services early; send for an AED.
- CPR for an adult: compressions at least 5 cm deep, 100–120 per minute, 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths if trained and willing. Use an AED as soon as available.
- Unresponsive but breathing: recovery position and monitor breathing. Suspected spinal injury: do not move unless there is immediate danger.
- Fresh sprain: protect, rest, ice, compress, elevate; avoid heat and massage initially. Record and report incidents.
Worked example
A participant collapses during a session. The leader checks the scene for danger, shouts for help, checks response, opens the airway, and observes for no normal breathing. The emergency call is made and an AED requested. CPR begins. Reasoning: the sequence protects the rescuer, identifies cardiac arrest quickly, and starts time-critical treatment. Checking a pulse is not required for a lay rescuer; normal breathing is the key sign.
Traps
- Starting CPR before checking danger or responsiveness.
- Giving food or drink to an unconscious person.
- Moving a suspected spinal casualty to make them comfortable.
- Treating a risk assessment as a form-filling exercise with no review.
- Delaying the emergency call to look for a supervisor.
Exam focus
Use the DRABC sequence, name controls from the hierarchy, and state when to call for help.