LC German flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

einmaliges Hören

Rule in the listening section: each audio text is played only once, so the candidate must extract the global meaning on the first pass and note details immediately.

richtig/falsch

Listening and reading item type in which a statement must be judged against the text; a single wrong detail, such as a date or a negation, makes the statement false.

Signalwörter der Meinung

Expressions like 'im Grunde genommen', 'ehrlich gesagt' or 'das Wichtigste ist' that introduce a speaker's real opinion and usually precede the point being tested.

Abschwächung

Hedging with words such as 'kaum', 'eher nicht', 'nicht unbedingt' or 'nur bedingt'; it signals partial or no agreement and often makes a positive option wrong.

Korrektur beim Sprechen

A pattern in which a speaker names a figure and then corrects it, for example 'um sieben, nein, doch erst um halb acht'; the second figure is the valid answer.

Register über Anrede

Choice between 'Sie' plus Konjunktiv II for formal situations and 'du' plus particles like 'mal' or 'halt' for informal ones; it reveals the relationship between speakers.

Diskursmarker

Connectors such as 'zuerst', 'außerdem', 'allerdings' and 'trotzdem' that structure a spoken text; contrast markers often flag the information a question targets.

Globales Lesen

Reading mode for matching headings to short texts; the decision rests on the topic sentence and overall theme rather than on a single repeated keyword.

Paraphrase statt Schlüsselwort

Correct reading options restate the text in different words, while distractors copy an exact term from the text but alter the claim, so verbatim matches need checking.

Absolute Quantoren

Words like 'alle', 'immer', 'nur' and 'ausschließlich' make a statement absolute; such options are usually false unless the text itself is equally absolute.

Selektives Lesen

Scanning a text for one information type, such as a price, date or condition, and reading only the surrounding line; unused parts of the text can be ignored.

Komposita von rechts lesen

In German compounds the last element determines gender and core meaning, so 'Versicherungsschein' is a 'Schein' and masculine, which helps decode unknown nouns.

Negationsaffixe

Prefixes un-, miss-, nicht- and suffixes -los, -frei reverse or remove meaning, as in 'arglistig' versus 'arglos' or 'kostenpflichtig' versus 'kostenlos'.

Zeitbudget Leseverstehen

Plan roughly one minute per reading item, mark doubtful answers and return to them at the end, because unanswered items score zero while guesses cost nothing.

Inhaltspunkte

The fixed list of content points in a writing task; every point must be addressed in a clearly identifiable sentence, and missing one loses content marks.

Anrede und Gruß

Register-matched framing: 'Hallo Anna,' with 'Viele Grüße' for informal mail, 'Sehr geehrte Frau X,' with 'Mit freundlichen Grüßen' for formal letters.

Komma nach Anrede

In formal German letters the salutation ends with a comma and the next line begins lowercase, for example 'Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren, ich schreibe Ihnen…'.

Konnektoren für Kohärenz

Connectors such as 'deshalb', 'außerdem', 'trotzdem', 'zwar … aber' and 'obwohl' link sentences and raise the coherence score; repeating 'und' and 'aber' lowers it.

Verbzweitstellung

In a German main clause the finite verb occupies position two, so after an initial adverb the subject follows the verb: 'Deshalb schreibe ich Ihnen heute.'

Verbletztstellung

In subordinate clauses introduced by 'weil', 'dass', 'obwohl' or 'wenn', the finite verb moves to the end: '…, weil ich keine Zeit habe.'

Höfliche Bitten

Formal request patterns such as 'Ich würde mich freuen, wenn…', 'Könnten Sie mir bitte mitteilen…' and 'Ich bitte um…' followed by an accusative object.

Beschwerdebrief

A formal writing task type stating a problem, its circumstances and a requested remedy, using polite but firm language and covering all given content points.

Selbstvorstellung

Speaking task answering fixed prompts: Name, Alter, Herkunft, Wohnort, Beruf, Sprachen, Hobbys and Familie, ideally one prepared sentence for each prompt.

Bildbeschreibung

A fixed frame for describing a picture: 'Auf dem Bild sehe ich…', foreground and background, then interpretation with 'wahrscheinlich' or 'es scheint, dass…'.

Grafik beschreiben

Chart task structure: name source and topic, state the trend with 'von … auf … gestiegen', compare using 'im Vergleich zu', then add a brief opinion.

Vorschlag machen

Planning-task phrases such as 'Wollen wir…?', 'Wie wäre es, wenn…?' and 'Sollen wir vielleicht…?', used to move a partner dialogue toward agreement.

Zustimmen und Ablehnen

Reaction patterns in dialogue: 'Das ist eine gute Idee', 'Einverstanden, dann…' for agreement, and 'Das sehe ich anders, weil…' for polite disagreement with a reason.

Meinung äußern

Opinion formulas such as 'Meiner Meinung nach…', 'Ich bin der Ansicht, dass…' and 'Einerseits … andererseits…', each followed by a supporting reason.

Füllwörter

Particles like 'also', 'na ja' and 'genau' that keep speech flowing during thinking pauses; they preserve fluency better than silence.

Auslautverhärtung

Final devoicing in German: written b, d, g become p, t, k at the end of a syllable, so 'Tag' sounds like /tak/ and 'und' like /unt/.

ich-Laut und ach-Laut

Two distinct German ch sounds: the soft ich-Laut after front vowels and consonants, and the harsh ach-Laut after back vowels a, o, u.