LC Physics study plan

Define displacement, velocity, acceleration and speed with units, and solve uniform-acceleration problems using the linear-motion equations.

Draw and interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs, stating what slope and area represent in each case.

Apply Newton's three laws to free-body diagrams, including resolving forces on an inclined plane and finding resultant force, mass or acceleration.

Calculate momentum and apply conservation of momentum to one-dimensional collisions and explosions.

Describe how to measure velocity and acceleration in the lab using light gates or a ticker-timer, including one precaution and one source of error.

Apply conservation of energy and the work-energy theorem, and calculate power and efficiency in mechanical systems.

Solve circular-motion problems using angular velocity, centripetal acceleration and centripetal force, and identify the real force supplying the centripetal force in given situations.

State and verify the principle of moments, and solve equilibrium problems involving beams, hinges and centre of gravity.

Describe simple harmonic motion, state the restoring-force condition, and solve period problems for a mass on a spring and a simple pendulum.

Describe the experiments to measure acceleration due to gravity with a pendulum and to verify Hooke's law, naming the graph plotted in each.

Define wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude and speed, and apply v = fλ to transverse and longitudinal waves with sketches of each.

Describe experiments demonstrating reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference of sound, and state the conditions for constructive and destructive interference.

Apply the Doppler effect formula to moving sources and observers, and explain one real application and its limitations.

Explain standing waves, harmonics and resonance in strings and pipes, and calculate fundamental frequency and overtones.

Calculate sound intensity level in decibels and relate loudness to frequency and intensity, including the threshold of hearing.

State and verify Snell's law, calculate refractive index, critical angle and total internal reflection, and explain fibre optics and mirages.

Apply the lens formula and magnification to find image position, size and nature, and draw accurate ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses.

Use the diffraction grating equation nλ = d sinθ to calculate wavelength or grating spacing, and explain why the result supports the wave nature of light.

Explain polarization, dispersion and the order of the electromagnetic spectrum, giving one use of each region.

Describe how to measure the focal length of a converging lens and the wavelength of monochromatic light with a grating, including the measurements taken.

State Coulomb's law and calculate force and electric field strength for point charges and between parallel plates.

Solve capacitor problems using C = Q/V, stored energy and series/parallel combinations, and describe a capacitor charging experiment.

Apply Ohm's law to series and parallel networks, calculating equivalent resistance, current, voltage and power in multi-resistor circuits.

Describe how resistance is measured (Ohm's law experiment, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge) and explain the effect of temperature on resistance.

Explain conduction in metals and semiconductors, and describe the current-voltage characteristics of a diode, a thermistor and an LDR.

Calculate the force on a current-carrying conductor and on a moving charge in a magnetic field, and describe how to measure magnetic flux density.

State and apply Faraday's law and Lenz's law, calculate induced emf, and describe a demonstration of electromagnetic induction and the AC generator.

Explain peak and rms values, apply the transformer equation, and explain why electrical energy is transmitted at high voltage.

State Einstein's photoelectric equation and use it to calculate threshold frequency, work function and stopping potential.

Describe how Planck's constant is measured using LEDs, and describe the electron (thermionic emission, cathode rays, e/m by crossed fields).

Describe the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, calculate energy-level transitions and explain line emission and absorption spectra.

Describe X-ray production in a hot-cathode tube, distinguish continuous from characteristic spectra, and calculate minimum wavelength from accelerating voltage.

Solve half-life problems including carbon dating, and describe alpha, beta and gamma radiation in terms of charge, penetration and ionisation.

Write balanced nuclear equations for alpha decay, beta decay, fission and fusion, and calculate mass defect and energy released with E = mc².

Describe the structure of the nucleus, isotopes and the fundamental forces, and describe the Rutherford scattering experiment and what it proved.

Define temperature and heat, convert between Celsius and Kelvin, and explain how a thermometer is calibrated using fixed points.

Solve specific heat capacity and latent heat problems, including electrical heating and mixing, and describe the experiments to measure c for water and l for ice.

Explain the kinetic theory of gases, apply the gas laws and the general gas equation, and interpret pressure-volume diagrams.

Describe conduction, convection and radiation with everyday applications such as a vacuum flask and U-values.

Sit a full three-hour exam-standard paper covering all five domains under timed conditions and mark it with the official marking scheme.