Manicure, Pedicure and Nail Care
Domain 5 tests nail anatomy, safe manicure and pedicure technique, recognition of nail and skin disorders, and infection control between clients.
Nail structure and procedure
- The nail plate sits on the nail bed; the matrix produces it; the lunula is visible matrix; the cuticle seals the nail fold; the hyponychium is under the free edge.
- Assess for infection, inflammation, swelling, ingrown toenail, diabetes, circulatory problems and open lesions before starting.
- File natural nails in one direction from side to centre with a fine grit to reduce splitting; avoid back-and-forth sawing.
- Soften cuticles, push gently, and do not cut live cuticle tissue; cutting increases infection risk.
- Use single-use files and buffers; sterilise metal implements by autoclave; disinfect surfaces and wash hands.
Pedicure cautions
Diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy and anticoagulant use raise risk; refer if unsure. Fungal nail infection, paronychia, warts and active eczema are contraindications to cosmetic treatment.
Worked example: A client has a thickened, yellow-brown toenail with debris under the free edge. Reasoning: this suggests onychomycosis, which is contagious and needs medical diagnosis. Do not treat cosmetically; refer to a GP or chiropodist, disinfect equipment and document the referral.
Traps: cutting cuticles; filing back and forth; treating undiagnosed nail disease; sharing files; ignoring diabetes and circulation.