First aid and handling of road accidents
This domain tests the first actions after a crash and basic first aid. The priorities are scene safety, alerting emergency services and preventing further injury while waiting for help.
Core actions
- Stop, switch off engines where possible and warn other traffic. In Israel call Magen David Adom on 101 for medical help and the police on 100 when required.
- Make the scene safe: hazard lights, warning triangle where it is safe to place one, and keep bystanders back from traffic.
- Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire or oncoming traffic.
- Check responsiveness and breathing. If unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR: 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths if trained; otherwise continuous compressions.
- Control severe bleeding with direct pressure using a clean cloth or dressing.
- Treat for shock: keep the person warm, lying down if safe, and reassure them. Do not give food or drink.
- Exchange details and report the crash as required; leaving the scene is an offence.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is lying in the road, unconscious but breathing. You stop traffic, call 101, check breathing and place the rider in the recovery position only if no spinal injury is suspected and the airway is at risk. You do not remove the helmet. Reasoning: airway and breathing come first; the helmet supports the neck and should be removed only by trained rescuers.
Traps
Moving everyone “to be safe”; removing a helmet; giving water; delaying the emergency call to argue about fault; standing in the traffic lane while helping.