IL POST flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Exclusionary Rule
- A legal rule that prohibits the use of evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment in criminal trials, with exceptions such as good faith, inevitable discovery, and attenuation.
- Probable Cause
- A reasonable belief based on facts and circumstances that a crime has been committed and that a specific person committed it, or that evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.
- Actus Reus
- The voluntary physical act or unlawful omission that constitutes the external element of a crime, as opposed to the mental state.
- Mens Rea
- The mental state or intent required for a criminal offense, such as intentional, knowing, reckless, or negligent conduct.
- First Degree Murder
- In Illinois, a killing without lawful justification committed with intent or knowledge, or during a forcible felony, or with strong probability of death or great bodily harm.
- Battery
- Under 720 ILCS 5/12-3, intentionally or knowingly causing bodily harm to another or making physical contact of an insulting or provoking nature.
- Miranda Warnings
- The right to remain silent, that anything said can be used against you, the right to an attorney, and the right to have an attorney appointed if unable to afford one.
- Fifth Amendment
- Constitutional protection against compelled self-incrimination and double jeopardy, and guarantee of due process and grand jury indictment for federal felonies.
- Terry Stop
- A brief investigatory detention based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity, during which an officer may conduct a limited pat-down for weapons if safety requires.
- Search Incident to Arrest
- A warrantless search of an arrestee's person and the area within immediate control, conducted to find weapons or prevent destruction of evidence.
- Consent Search
- A warrantless search conducted with voluntary consent, which may be withdrawn at any time, and where apparent authority may justify reliance on a third party's consent.
- Automobile Exception
- A warrantless search of a vehicle is permissible if officers have probable cause to believe it contains contraband or evidence of a crime.
- SARA Model
- A problem-solving method used in community policing: Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment.
- Hot Spots Policing
- A strategy that concentrates police resources on small geographic areas with high concentrations of crime, based on crime analysis data.
- Chain of Custody
- A documented record of every person who handled evidence, including date, time, and purpose, to ensure integrity and admissibility in court.
- Crime Scene Preservation
- The first responding officer's duty to secure the scene, render aid, and prevent contamination or loss of evidence until investigators arrive.
- Implied Consent Law
- Illinois law (625 ILCS 5/11-501.1) requiring drivers arrested for DUI to submit to chemical testing; refusal results in license suspension.
- Standardized Field Sobriety Tests
- Three tests validated by NHTSA: horizontal gaze nystagmus, walk-and-turn, and one-leg stand, used to detect impairment in DUI investigations.
- Graham v. Connor
- A 1989 Supreme Court case establishing that use of force must be objectively reasonable, judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene.
- Tennessee v. Garner
- A 1985 Supreme Court case prohibiting deadly force to prevent escape of a fleeing suspect unless the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury.
- Duty to Intervene
- The obligation of officers to stop another officer's use of excessive force and to report the misconduct.
- Crisis Intervention Team
- A program training officers to respond effectively to individuals in mental health crisis, emphasizing de-escalation and connection to services.
- De-escalation Techniques
- Strategies such as active listening, maintaining distance, speaking calmly, and offering choices to reduce tension and avoid force.
- Excited Delirium
- A medical emergency characterized by agitation, profuse sweating, rapid breathing, and incoherent speech, requiring immediate EMS response.
- Brady Rule
- The constitutional requirement that prosecutors disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense, established in Brady v. Maryland (1963).
- Report Writing Elements
- Reports should include who, what, when, where, why, and how, written in first person, past tense, objectively, and without opinions or jargon.
- Qualified Immunity
- A legal doctrine protecting officers from civil liability unless they violate clearly established constitutional rights of which a reasonable officer would have known.
- 42 U.S.C. § 1983
- A federal statute allowing civil suits against persons acting under color of law who violate constitutional rights.
- Juvenile Court Act
- Illinois law (705 ILCS 405/) governing delinquency proceedings, emphasizing rehabilitation and confidentiality of juvenile records.
- Status Offense
- An offense that is illegal only because of the person's age, such as truancy or running away from home.
- CPR Compression Rate
- For adult CPR, perform chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, with a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
- Severe Bleeding Control
- Apply direct pressure to the wound; if bleeding is life-threatening and pressure fails, apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.