Psychometric Test (PET) flashcards
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31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Analogy
- A verbal item pairing two terms by a fixed relationship, such as part to whole or cause to effect, where the answer must reproduce that same relationship in the same direction.
- Odd one out
- A verbal item in which all but one option share a common property; the task is to name the shared property and identify the option that fails it.
- Syllogism
- A deductive argument with two premises and a conclusion; it is valid when the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises, regardless of whether the premises are factually true.
- Valid versus sound
- A valid argument has a conclusion that follows necessarily from its premises; a sound argument is valid and also has premises that are actually true.
- Antonym
- A word opposite in meaning to a given word, typically sharing the same dimension of meaning, such as hot and cold on a temperature scale.
- Connotation
- The implied or emotional shading a word carries beyond its literal meaning, such as the difference between thrifty and stingy, which share a core sense.
- Converse error
- The mistaken inference that because all A are B, all B are A; the original statement does not license reversing the subject and predicate.
- Logical sequence
- An ordering task in which events, steps, or sentences must be arranged by temporal or causal dependency, usually anchored by a clear first or final item.
- Percentage change
- The difference between a new and old value divided by the old value, expressed as a percent; it is always computed relative to the starting value.
- Successive percentage change
- When two percentage changes apply in sequence, multiply the corresponding factors rather than adding the percentages, since the second change applies to the already-changed amount.
- Ratio
- A comparison of two quantities by division; scaling a ratio requires multiplying or dividing both parts by the same nonzero number.
- Average speed
- Total distance divided by total time; for equal distances traveled at two different speeds it equals the harmonic mean, not the arithmetic average of the speeds.
- Simple interest
- Interest computed only on the original principal, calculated as principal times rate times time, with no interest earned on previously accrued interest.
- Compound interest
- Interest computed on both the principal and previously accumulated interest, so the balance grows by the factor one plus the periodic rate raised to the number of periods.
- Work rate
- The fraction of a task completed per unit time; combined rates add as reciprocals of individual completion times to give the joint completion time.
- Arithmetic sequence
- A number series in which each term differs from the previous one by a constant amount, found by taking first differences.
- Geometric sequence
- A number series in which each term is a constant multiple of the previous one, found by dividing consecutive terms to test for a fixed ratio.
- Probability of independent events
- For events that do not influence each other, the probability that both occur equals the product of their separate probabilities.
- Rotation
- A transformation that turns a figure about a point by a fixed angle while preserving its shape, size, and orientation handedness.
- Reflection
- A transformation that flips a figure across a line, preserving size and shape but reversing orientation, so the mirror image cannot be rotated onto the original.
- Line of symmetry
- A line about which a figure folds onto itself exactly; the number of such lines is a countable invariant used to distinguish similar options.
- Superposition rule
- A matrix rule in which consecutive frames are overlaid and lines appearing twice either cancel or persist, producing the next frame.
- Alternating series
- A figure sequence in which odd-positioned and even-positioned items each follow their own separate transformation rule rather than one shared rule.
- Invariant feature
- A property such as side count, enclosed region count, or intersection count that stays constant across a series and therefore signals the governing rule.
- Nested figure
- A figure containing an inner element inside an outer one, where each layer may transform independently in direction, rate, or size.
- Matrix completion
- A grid of figures with one missing cell, solved by finding a transformation rule that holds both across rows and down columns.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a verb must match its subject in number; intervening prepositional phrases do not change the subject's number.
- Dangling modifier
- An introductory phrase, often a participle, that fails to describe the subject of the main clause, producing an illogical or ambiguous sentence.
- Parallel structure
- The requirement that items joined by conjunctions share the same grammatical form, such as all infinitives or all gerunds.
- Restrictive clause
- A clause essential to identifying the noun it modifies, written without commas and typically introduced by that rather than which.
- Affect versus effect
- Affect is normally a verb meaning to influence; effect is normally a noun meaning a result, though effect as a verb means to bring something about.