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AIAPGET Homoeopathy study materials
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AIAPGET Homoeopathy practice questions

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Question 1Homoeopathy

In Hahnemann's Organon, the vital force (dynamis) is best described as which of the following?

  1. The mechanical elasticity of the body's solid parts
  2. The immaterial, spirit-like force that animates the material organism in health and disease Correct answer.
  3. The sum of the body's humours governing temperament
  4. The physical nervous energy measurable by galvanic instruments

Explanation

Hahnemann taught that the vital force is an immaterial, spirit-like dynamis that rules the material body and maintains health; disease arises when it is deranged by morbific influences. It is not a measurable physical quantity nor a humoral construct.

Question 2Homoeopathy

Which degree of potency is prepared by triturating the substance with lactose for three hours at each step, according to the centesimal scale?

  1. 1M
  2. 3X
  3. 30C
  4. 6C Correct answer.

Explanation

In the centesimal (C) scale, the 6C potency follows three successive triturations, each of one part substance with ninety-nine parts lactose for one hour, giving 6C after three triturations of one hour each. The X scale and higher decimal designations do not follow this specific lactose-trituration pattern.

Question 3Homoeopathy

The principle 'similia similibus curentur' in homoeopathy means that a remedy is selected on which basis?

  1. The remedy is chosen by the patient's constitutional type only
  2. The remedy opposes the patient's symptoms by contraries
  3. The remedy is chosen by the disease name alone
  4. The remedy produces in healthy persons symptoms similar to those of the patient Correct answer.

Explanation

The law of similars states that a substance capable of producing a set of symptoms in healthy provers can cure a similar symptom picture in the sick. This is the foundational principle of homoeopathic prescribing.

Question 4Homoeopathy

Which miasm did Hahnemann identify as underlying chronic diseases such as scrofula and rickets, characterised by glandular enlargement and bone affections?

  1. Syphilis
  2. Psora
  3. Sycosis Correct answer.
  4. Tubercular miasm

Explanation

Sycosis is the chronic miasm Hahnemann associated with fig-wart-like growths, glandular indurations, and bone affections such as rickets and scrofula. Psora and syphilis have different characteristic expressions.

Question 5Homoeopathy

A patient presents with sudden violent onset of symptoms after exposure to cold dry wind, with restlessness, anxiety, and thirst for small quantities of water. Which remedy picture is most characteristic?

  1. Gelsemium sempervirens
  2. Belladonna
  3. Aconitum napellus Correct answer.
  4. Bryonia alba

Explanation

Aconite is characterised by sudden, violent onset after exposure to cold dry wind, with marked restlessness, anxiety, and fear of death. Thirst for small quantities and rapid intense symptoms are typical of its acute picture.

Question 6Homoeopathy

The 'Law of Cure' described by Hering states that healing proceeds in which order?

  1. From without inward, from below upward, and in the order symptoms first appeared
  2. From the surface to the centre, from below upward, and in any order
  3. From less important to more important organs, from below upward, and in the order of appearance
  4. From within outward, from above downward, from more important to less important organs, and in reverse order of appearance Correct answer.

Explanation

Hering's law of cure states that healing progresses from within outward, from above downward, from more important to less important organs, and in the reverse order of the appearance of symptoms. This guides prognosis during homoeopathic treatment.

Question 7Homoeopathy

Which potency scale uses a ratio of 1:9 between substance and diluent at each step?

  1. Decimal Correct answer.
  2. Fifty-millesimal
  3. LM
  4. Centesimal

Explanation

The decimal (X) scale uses one part substance to nine parts diluent, giving a 1:9 ratio at each step. The centesimal scale uses 1:99, and the fifty-millesimal (LM) scale uses 1:50,000.

Question 8Homoeopathy

In homoeopathic case-taking, the 'concomitants' refer to which of the following?

  1. The modality that aggravates the chief complaint
  2. The patient's family history of chronic disease
  3. The pathological diagnosis of the disease
  4. Symptoms that accompany the chief complaint and help individualise the remedy Correct answer.

Explanation

Concomitants are the accompanying symptoms that occur alongside the chief complaint and are highly useful for individualising the remedy. They are distinct from modalities, family history, and pathology.

Question 9Homoeopathy

A patient has burning, offensive discharges that are greenish and acrid, with marked prostration and a sensation of internal heat. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Arsenicum album Correct answer.
  2. Pulsatilla
  3. Nux vomica
  4. Sepia

Explanation

Arsenicum album is characterised by burning pains, acrid offensive discharges, severe prostration, and a sensation of internal heat relieved by warmth. These features point strongly to its use.

Question 10Homoeopathy

Which of the following is the correct description of the 'proving' of a remedy in homoeopathy?

  1. Administration of a remedy to a sick patient to observe the cure
  2. Testing a remedy on animals to determine its toxicity
  3. Administration of a substance to healthy volunteers to record the symptoms it produces Correct answer.
  4. Preparation of a remedy by serial dilution and succussion

Explanation

A proving is the systematic administration of a substance to healthy volunteers to record the symptoms produced, forming the basis of the homoeopathic materia medica. It is not a cure observation, toxicity test, or preparation method.

Question 11Homoeopathy

The remedy most associated with 'keynote' symptoms of a red, hot, flushed face with throbbing headache worse from light and noise and better from lying in a dark room is which?

  1. Aconitum napellus
  2. Belladonna Correct answer.
  3. Ferrum phosphoricum
  4. Glonoinum

Explanation

Belladonna has the classic picture of a red, hot, flushed face, throbbing headache, sensitivity to light and noise, and relief in a dark quiet room. These keynotes distinguish it from other remedies with headaches.

Question 12Homoeopathy

In the repertory, the section 'Mind' would include which of the following rubrics?

  1. Fear of death Correct answer.
  2. Pain in the chest
  3. Aggravation from cold air
  4. Thirst for small quantities

Explanation

The Mind section of a repertory contains mental and emotional symptoms such as fears, anxieties, and disposition. Physical symptoms like chest pain, thirst, and modalities belong to other sections.

Question 13Homoeopathy

Which remedy is classically indicated for a patient with marked indifference to loved ones, aversion to company, and a sensation of a ball in the throat or a sinking feeling in the stomach?

  1. Sepia officinalis Correct answer.
  2. Ignatia amara
  3. Natrum muriaticum
  4. Lachesis muta

Explanation

Sepia has the keynote of indifference to family and loved ones, aversion to company, and sensations of a lump in the throat or a sinking feeling in the stomach. These features make it a leading remedy for such a picture.

Question 14Homoeopathy

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'totality of symptoms' in homoeopathic prescribing?

  1. The aggregate of symptoms common to all patients with the same diagnosis
  2. The total number of remedies in the materia medica
  3. The sum of all pathological changes in the diseased organ
  4. The complete individualised symptom picture of the patient, including mental, general, and particular symptoms Correct answer.

Explanation

The totality of symptoms is the complete, individualised picture of the patient's symptoms, including mental state, general reactions, and particular local symptoms. It is the basis for selecting the similimum.

Question 15Homoeopathy

A patient reports burning pains and discharges that are better from heat and worse from cold, with marked prostration and restlessness at night. Which remedy picture fits best?

  1. Sepia
  2. Arsenicum album Correct answer.
  3. Nux vomica
  4. Pulsatilla

Explanation

Arsenicum album has burning pains and discharges, amelioration from warmth, aggravation from cold, marked prostration, and restlessness especially at night. These features strongly suggest its use.

Question 16Homoeopathy

The 'Organon of Medicine' was written by which author, and in which year was the sixth edition published posthumously?

  1. James Tyler Kent, 1900
  2. Boenninghausen, 1846
  3. Constantine Hering, 1875
  4. Samuel Hahnemann, 1921 Correct answer.

Explanation

The Organon of Medicine was written by Samuel Hahnemann, and the sixth edition was published posthumously in 1921. It remains the foundational text of homoeopathic philosophy.

Question 17Homoeopathy

Which of the following potencies is prepared by the 'fluxion' method, involving a continuous stream of diluent?

  1. Fluxion potency Correct answer.
  2. Hahnemannian centesimal potency
  3. LM potency
  4. Korsakovian potency

Explanation

The fluxion method uses a continuous stream of diluent passing through the potentising vessel to produce potencies, distinct from the Korsakovian, LM, and classical centesimal methods. It is a specific potentisation technique.

Question 18Homoeopathy

Which of the following is a characteristic mental symptom of Natrum muriaticum?

  1. Indifference to family and aversion to company
  2. Loquacity with jealousy and suspicion
  3. Silent grief with aversion to consolation Correct answer.
  4. Fear of death with sudden panic

Explanation

Natrum muriaticum is characterised by silent, reserved grief, aversion to consolation, and brooding over past grievances. This distinguishes it from other remedies with grief or indifference.

Question 19Homoeopathy

In the Kentian method of repertorisation, which of the following is given the greatest weight when selecting a remedy?

  1. The pathological diagnosis
  2. The most characteristic and individualising symptoms of the case Correct answer.
  3. The most common symptoms of the disease
  4. The patient's age and sex

Explanation

Kentian repertorisation emphasises the most characteristic and individualising symptoms, particularly mental and general symptoms, as these best differentiate the remedy. Common disease symptoms carry less weight.

Question 20Homoeopathy

Which remedy is known for the keynote 'burning pains and discharges, better by heat, worse from cold, with midnight aggravation and great prostration'?

  1. Arsenicum album Correct answer.
  2. Carbo vegetabilis
  3. Sulphur
  4. Phosphorus

Explanation

Arsenicum album is characterised by burning pains and discharges, amelioration from warmth, aggravation from cold, midnight aggravation, and marked prostration. These keynotes strongly identify it.

Question 21Homoeopathy

The concept of 'constitutional remedy' in homoeopathy refers to which of the following?

  1. A remedy chosen by the name of the disease
  2. A remedy matching the patient's total constitutional and temperamental picture Correct answer.
  3. A remedy selected solely for the acute presenting complaint
  4. A remedy given only in low potencies

Explanation

A constitutional remedy matches the patient's overall physical constitution, temperament, and susceptibility, addressing the deeper chronic picture. It is not limited to acute complaints, disease names, or potency levels.

Question 22Homoeopathy

Which of the following best explains the rationale for using high potencies such as 1M in homoeopathy?

  1. They contain more material substance and thus act more strongly
  2. They are believed to act more deeply on the dynamic plane with fewer aggravations when well indicated Correct answer.
  3. They are prepared without succussion
  4. They are used only for acute self-limiting conditions

Explanation

High potencies are believed to act more deeply and dynamically, and when well indicated they may produce fewer aggravations. They do not contain more material substance, are not limited to acute conditions, and are prepared with succussion.

Question 23Homoeopathy

Which remedy has the characteristic keynote of 'worse from motion, better from rest, with great thirst for large quantities of cold water'?

  1. Rhus toxicodendron
  2. Bryonia alba Correct answer.
  3. Pulsatilla
  4. Nux vomica

Explanation

Bryonia alba is characterised by aggravation from motion, amelioration from rest, and great thirst for large quantities of cold water. These keynotes strongly distinguish it from other remedies.

Question 24Homoeopathy

In the context of miasmatic theory, which miasm is associated with destructive ulceration, bone destruction, and a nocturnal aggravation of symptoms?

  1. Sycosis
  2. Tubercular
  3. Psora
  4. Syphilis Correct answer.

Explanation

The syphilitic miasm is associated with destructive ulceration, bone destruction, and nocturnal aggravation. Psora, sycosis, and the tubercular miasm have different characteristic expressions.

Question 25Homoeopathy

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a classical homoeopathic case-taking?

  1. Observation, remedy selection, history, repertorisation
  2. Remedy selection, history, observation, potency selection
  3. Potency selection, repertorisation, history, observation
  4. History, observation, repertorisation, remedy selection, potency selection Correct answer.

Explanation

Classical case-taking proceeds from history and observation to repertorisation, remedy selection, and finally potency selection. The other sequences place remedy or potency selection before the information gathering needed to justify them.

Question 26Homoeopathy

In homoeopathic pharmacy, a 3X potency is prepared by which of the following methods?

  1. Succussing one part of the substance with ninety-nine parts of alcohol for three stages
  2. Triturating one part of the substance with ninety-nine parts of lactose for three stages
  3. Succussing one part of the substance with nine parts of alcohol for three stages
  4. Triturating one part of the substance with nine parts of lactose for three stages Correct answer.

Explanation

The X scale denotes decimal potencies, where each step uses a 1:9 ratio of substance to diluent. For insoluble substances, the first three potencies are prepared by trituration with lactose. Thus a 3X remedy involves three successive triturations at 1:9.

Question 27Homoeopathy

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'susceptibility' in homoeopathic philosophy?

  1. The degree of dilution required to avoid aggravation
  2. The hereditary tendency to develop chronic miasmatic disease
  3. The patient's inherent capacity to react to a remedy and produce a curative response Correct answer.
  4. The remedy's ability to produce symptoms in a healthy provers

Explanation

Susceptibility refers to the individual's responsiveness to stimuli, including medicinal stimuli. A remedy acts only when the patient is susceptible to it. This concept guides potency selection and repetition.

Question 28Homoeopathy

Which of the following is the most characteristic indication for the remedy Arnica montana?

  1. Puncture wounds with shooting pains and offensive discharge
  2. Injuries with soreness and bruising, where the patient says they are well although clearly ill Correct answer.
  3. Sprains with swelling and a sensation of a band around the joint
  4. Burns with blistering and intense burning pain relieved by cold applications

Explanation

Arnica is the leading remedy for trauma, with soreness, bruising, and a characteristic denial of illness. The patient may insist there is nothing wrong. It is also indicated for exhaustion after overexertion.

Question 29Homoeopathy

In the repertory, which of the following rubrics would be found under the section 'Stomach'?

  1. Nausea during pregnancy Correct answer.
  2. Diarrhoea after midnight
  3. Palpitation from anxiety
  4. Cough worse after eating

Explanation

The Stomach section includes symptoms related to gastric function, such as nausea, vomiting, appetite, and thirst. Nausea during pregnancy is a gastric symptom and would be repertorised under Stomach. The other options belong to Chest, Mind, and Rectum respectively.

Question 30Homoeopathy

Which of the following best defines the 'Law of Similars' in homoeopathy?

  1. A substance that produces symptoms in a healthy person can cure opposite symptoms in a sick person
  2. Disease is cured by removing the causative factor
  3. Disease is cured by giving large doses of opposing remedies
  4. A substance that produces symptoms in a healthy person can cure similar symptoms in a sick person Correct answer.

Explanation

The Law of Similars states that a remedy capable of producing a set of symptoms in a healthy individual can cure a similar set of symptoms in a diseased individual. This is the foundational principle of homoeopathy. It is based on the observed response of the living organism to medicinal stimuli.

Question 31Homoeopathy

Which of the following symptoms is most characteristic of the remedy Belladonna?

  1. Headache with visual disturbances and a sensation of a nail driven into the head
  2. Headache with nausea and vomiting, relieved by cold applications
  3. Throbbing headache with a red, hot face, worse from light and noise Correct answer.
  4. Dull headache with a feeling of a band around the head, better from pressure

Explanation

Belladonna is characterized by sudden onset, intense throbbing pains, and a red, hot, flushed face. Symptoms are worse from light, noise, and motion. This picture is classic for acute congestive states.

Question 32Homoeopathy

In homoeopathic case-taking, which of the following is considered a 'particular' symptom?

  1. Desire for company
  2. Anxiety about the future
  3. Pain in the right knee worse from motion Correct answer.
  4. Fear of death

Explanation

Particular symptoms are localized to a specific part or organ, such as pain in the right knee. Mental and general symptoms, such as anxiety, desire for company, or fear of death, are not particulars. Particulars guide the selection of a remedy for local affections.

Question 33Homoeopathy

A patient presents with a sensation of a lump in the throat that is better from swallowing solids and worse from empty swallowing, along with a tendency to weep when consoled. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Lachesis
  2. Phytolacca
  3. Staphysagria
  4. Ignatia Correct answer.

Explanation

Ignatia is characterized by globus hystericus, a lump in the throat that is better from swallowing solids and worse from empty swallowing. The patient may weep when consoled, and symptoms are often contradictory. This picture is typical of Ignatia.

Question 34Homoeopathy

Which of the following best describes the 'constitutional' approach in homoeopathic prescribing?

  1. Prescribing based on the total physical and mental makeup of the patient, including hereditary tendencies Correct answer.
  2. Prescribing based on the presenting complaint alone
  3. Prescribing based on the potency of the remedy
  4. Prescribing based on the organ affected

Explanation

The constitutional approach considers the patient's entire physical and mental constitution, including inherited traits and miasmatic background. It aims to select a remedy that matches the whole person, not just the local complaint. This approach is often used in chronic prescribing.

Question 35Homoeopathy

In the Kentian repertory, which of the following rubrics would be given the highest weighting in repertorisation?

  1. A common symptom with a low degree of intensity
  2. A particular rubric with a high degree of intensity
  3. A mental rubric with a high degree of intensity Correct answer.
  4. A general rubric with a low degree of intensity

Explanation

In Kentian repertorisation, mental and general symptoms are given greater weight than particular symptoms. A high degree of intensity further increases the value of a rubric. Thus a mental rubric with high intensity carries the greatest weight.

Question 36Homoeopathy

A patient has a dry, teasing cough that is worse from warmth and better from cold drinks, with a sensation of a crumb in the throat. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Causticum
  2. Rumex crispus
  3. Phosphorus Correct answer.
  4. Spongia tosta

Explanation

Phosphorus has a dry, teasing cough worse from warmth and better from cold drinks. A sensation of a crumb in the throat is also characteristic. The remedy is suited to tall, slender, sensitive individuals.

Question 37Homoeopathy

Which of the following best explains the concept of 'miasms' in homoeopathy?

  1. Miasms are the symptoms produced during a proving
  2. Miasms are acute infectious agents that cause epidemic diseases
  3. Miasms are the medicinal substances used in high potency
  4. Miasms are the fundamental causes of chronic disease, predisposing to specific patterns of illness Correct answer.

Explanation

Hahnemann introduced the concept of miasms to explain the chronic effects of certain infectious diseases, such as psora, sycosis, and syphilis. Miasms are considered fundamental causes of chronic disease, predisposing the organism to specific patterns of illness. They guide constitutional prescribing and the understanding of chronic disease.

Question 38Homoeopathy

In the repertory, which of the following sections would contain the rubric 'Delusions, insects, sees'?

  1. Eyes
  2. Generalities
  3. Head
  4. Mind Correct answer.

Explanation

Delusions are mental symptoms and are classified under the Mind section of the repertory. The rubric 'Delusions, insects, sees' describes a hallucination, which is a mental symptom. Therefore it belongs under Mind.

Question 39Homoeopathy

Which of the following is a characteristic modality of the remedy Bryonia alba?

  1. Worse from rest, better from motion
  2. Worse from motion, better from rest Correct answer.
  3. Worse from warmth, better from cold
  4. Worse from cold, better from warmth

Explanation

Bryonia is characterized by aggravation from any motion and relief from rest. The patient is often irritable and wants to be left alone. This modality is a keynote of the remedy.

Question 40Homoeopathy

A patient with chronic arthritis has joint pains that are better from warmth and worse from cold, with a sensation of a hot, burning pain in the joints. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Rhus toxicodendron
  2. Arsenicum album Correct answer.
  3. Ledum palustre
  4. Pulsatilla

Explanation

Arsenicum album has burning pains that are better from warmth and worse from cold. The patient may be restless and anxious, especially at night. This picture fits the described joint symptoms.

Question 41Homoeopathy

In homoeopathic pharmacy, which of the following is the correct method for preparing a 1M potency from a 1C potency?

  1. One part of 1C with 999 parts of alcohol, succussed 100 times
  2. One part of 1C with 9 parts of alcohol, succussed 100 times
  3. One part of 1C with 99 parts of alcohol, succussed 10 times
  4. One part of 1C with 99 parts of alcohol, succussed 100 times Correct answer.

Explanation

A 1M potency is a centesimal potency of the 1000th degree, prepared by taking one part of the previous potency (1C) and adding 99 parts of alcohol, then succussing. The number of succussions may vary, but the ratio is 1:99. This yields a potency of 1000C, designated as 1M.

Question 42Homoeopathy

Which of the following best describes the 'proving' of a homoeopathic remedy?

  1. The systematic administration of a substance to healthy volunteers to record the symptoms it produces Correct answer.
  2. The chemical analysis of a remedy to determine its constituents
  3. The dilution and succussion of a substance to prepare a potency
  4. The administration of a remedy to a sick patient to observe the curative effect

Explanation

A proving is conducted on healthy volunteers to elicit and record the pathogenetic symptoms of a substance. These symptoms form the basis of the homoeopathic materia medica. Provings are essential for understanding the medicinal action of remedies.

Question 43Homoeopathy

A patient reports a sensation of a band around the abdomen, with a feeling of a load on the chest, and symptoms that are worse from tight clothing. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Lachesis Correct answer.
  2. Argentum nitricum
  3. Cactus grandiflorus
  4. Carcinosinum

Explanation

Lachesis is characterized by a sensation of a band or constriction around the abdomen or chest, and an intolerance of tight clothing. Symptoms are often worse from pressure and constriction. This remedy is also known for its left-sided and hot-patient characteristics.

Question 44Homoeopathy

In the context of homoeopathic philosophy, what is meant by 'vital force'?

  1. The potency of the remedy
  2. The miasmatic predisposition
  3. The physical strength of the patient
  4. The dynamic energy that maintains health and responds to medicinal stimuli Correct answer.

Explanation

The vital force is the dynamic, immaterial energy that governs the living organism and maintains health. Disease is a disturbance of the vital force, and remedies act by influencing it. This concept is central to Hahnemann's medical philosophy.

Question 45Homoeopathy

A patient has a persistent, offensive, yellowish-green nasal discharge with a sensation of a splinter in the nose, and the symptoms are worse from cold and better from warmth. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Silicea
  2. Pulsatilla
  3. Natrum muriaticum
  4. Kali bichromicum Correct answer.

Explanation

Kali bichromicum is characterized by thick, stringy, offensive discharges, often yellowish-green, and a sensation of a splinter or plug in the nose. Symptoms are typically worse from cold and better from warmth. This picture is classic for the remedy.

Question 46Homoeopathy

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'suppression' in homoeopathy?

  1. The intentional enhancement of symptoms to stimulate healing
  2. The removal of the causative factor of disease
  3. The disappearance of external symptoms without cure of the internal disturbance, often leading to deeper disease Correct answer.
  4. The reduction of remedy potency to avoid aggravation

Explanation

Suppression occurs when local symptoms are treated externally and disappear, but the underlying constitutional disturbance remains and may manifest as a deeper or more serious condition. It is considered an obstacle to cure. Homoeopathy aims to avoid suppression by treating the whole patient.

Question 47Homoeopathy

In the repertory, which of the following would be classified as a 'general' symptom?

  1. Pain in the left knee
  2. Itching of the scalp
  3. Nausea after eating
  4. Aggravation from cold in general Correct answer.

Explanation

General symptoms affect the whole person rather than a specific part. Aggravation from cold in general is a general modality and is classified under Generalities. Local symptoms such as knee pain, scalp itching, or nausea are particulars.

Question 48Homoeopathy

A patient with a history of suppressed grief has a sensation of a weight on the chest, a feeling of a band around the heart, and palpitations that are worse from lying on the left side. Which remedy is most indicated?

  1. Cactus grandiflorus Correct answer.
  2. Aurum metallicum
  3. Natrum muriaticum
  4. Ignatia

Explanation

Cactus grandiflorus is characterized by a sensation of a band or constriction around the heart, with palpitations and a feeling of weight on the chest. Symptoms are often worse from lying on the left side. The remedy is indicated for cardiac affections with these sensations.

Question 49Homoeopathy

Which of the following best explains the 'doctrine of signatures' in the context of homoeopathic history?

  1. The principle that like cures like
  2. The method of preparing high potencies
  3. The classification of diseases according to miasms
  4. The belief that the external appearance of a substance indicates its medicinal properties Correct answer.

Explanation

The doctrine of signatures is a historical concept that the physical characteristics of a plant or substance, such as shape or colour, hint at its therapeutic use. It predates homoeopathy and was influential in early materia medica. Hahnemann rejected it in favour of provings.

Question 50Homoeopathy

In the context of the Organon, which of the following describes the 'primary' and 'secondary' actions of a remedy?

  1. The primary action is the mental symptom, and the secondary action is the physical symptom
  2. The primary action is the initial symptom production, and the secondary action is the reaction of the vital force Correct answer.
  3. The primary action is the dilution, and the secondary action is the succussion
  4. The primary action is the curative effect, and the secondary action is the aggravation

Explanation

Hahnemann described the primary action of a remedy as the symptoms it produces in the organism, and the secondary action as the reaction of the vital force. The secondary action is often opposite to the primary action. This concept explains the direction of cure and aggravations.