AIAPGET Unani cheat sheet

Arkan-e-Arba (four primary elements): Arz (earth), Ma (water), Hawa (air), Nar (fire); each carries a pair of qualities - earth cold+dry, water cold+moist, air hot+moist, fire hot+dry.

Mizaj (temperament) derives from the dominant quality pair: Damawi (hot+moist), Safrawi (hot+dry), Balghami (cold+moist), Saudawi (cold+dry); Mutadil (balanced) is the eighth composite state in practice.

Akhlat-e-Arba: Dam (blood), Safra (yellow bile), Balgham (phlegm), Sauda (black bile); each has a natural (Tabee'i) and morbid (Ghair Tabee'i) form.

Umoor-e-Tabaiya (six essentials) = Arkan, Mizaj, Akhlat, A'za, Arwah, Quwa, Af'al - remember the mnemonic order: elements → temperament → humours → organs → pneuma → faculties → functions.

Arwah: Ruh-e-Tabee'i (liver, natural), Ruh-e-Haywani (heart, vital), Ruh-e-Nafsani (brain, psychic); Quwa are of three types - Tabaiya, Haywaniya, Nafsaniya.

Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya (six necessary causes): Hawa (air), Ma'kul-o-Mashrub (food and drink), Harkat-o-Sakun (movement/rest), Naum-o-Yaqza (sleep/wake), Istifragh-o-Ihtibas (evacuation/retention), Infa'alat-e-Nafsaniya (psychic reactions).

Diagnosis triad in classical Unani: Nabz (pulse), Baul (urine), Baraz (stool); pulse qualities assessed include Qawi/Da'if, Saree'/Bati', Muntakhi/Mutasa'id, Kabir/Saghir.

Ilaj (treatment) order: Ilaj bit-Tadbeer (dieto-regimen) first, then Ilaj bid-Dawa (pharmacotherapy), then Ilaj bil-Yad (surgery); Ilaj bil-'Amal includes Fasd (venesection), Hijama (cupping), Irsal-e-'Alaq (leeching), Amal-e-Kai (cautery).

Qanoon-e-Shifa principle: Tabiyat is the body's own recuperative power; the physician assists it - 'Tabiyat-e-Madabbir-e-Badan' is the governing maxim in Unani therapeutics.

Drug temperament graded on a 1–4 scale of intensity (Darja-e-Awwal to Darja-e-Chaharum); Darja 1 is mild and Darja 4 is the most intense in each quality.

Mufrad (single drug) vs Murakkab (compound formulation); Murakkab dosage forms include Majoon, Jawarish, Khamira, Sharbat, Safoof, Haboob, Qurs, Tila, Zimad, Marham, Raughan.

Khamira is a semisolid confection of decoction with sugar/honey and often musk or ambergris; Majoon is a thicker confection with powder drugs in honey or sugar base.

Jawarish is a stomachic/digestive electuary containing spices; Sharbat is a sweetened liquid; Qurs is a compressed tablet; Haboob is a pill.

Four degrees of drug action: Darja-e-Awwal (mild, no evident effect), Darja-e-Saniya (moderate), Darja-e-Salisa (marked), Darja-e-Rabi'a (toxic/potent, may be lethal).

Mizaj assessment of a drug uses its Af'al (actions) observed in the body, not taste alone; taste (Ta'am) and smell (Raiha) are supportive indicators.

Ilaj bil-Ghiza (dietotherapy) uses Ghiza-e-Lateef (light, easily digested) versus Ghiza-e-Katheef (heavy); Ghiza-e-Mutadil is balanced.

Common single drugs and their temperaments: Zafran (hot 2, dry 2), Aqarqarha (hot 3, dry 2), Ispaghol (cold 2, moist 2), Gul-e-Surkh (cold 1, moist 1).