AIIMS CRE key terms

A form of deductive reasoning where two premises sharing a common term lead to a conclusion. Candidates judge whether the conclusion follows necessarily, regardless of whether the statements are factually true.

A stated proposition in a reasoning problem that is taken as given. In syllogism and assumption questions, conclusions must be tested only against the premises supplied, not against real-world knowledge.

Reasoning from general statements to a specific, guaranteed conclusion. If the premises are true and the logic valid, the conclusion cannot be false.

A conclusion drawn from given information that is very likely but not logically certain. In comprehension and reasoning sets, an inference goes beyond what is explicitly stated.

An unstated idea the author must accept for an argument to hold. Identifying it means finding what is taken for granted rather than what is explicitly written.

The main point an argument is trying to establish, usually signalled by words such as therefore, hence, or thus. Other sentences supply support for it.

A reasoning problem describing family ties through statements or coded symbols. Candidates map generations and genders to answer how two people are related.

A puzzle where letters, words, or numbers are transformed by a rule, and the candidate must apply or reverse that rule. Common patterns include letter shifts, reversals, and position-based substitutions.

Finding the rule governing a sequence of numbers, letters, or figures and using it to identify a missing or next element. Differences, ratios, squares, and alternating patterns are typical rules.

A pair-based reasoning item where the relationship between two items must be identified and applied to a second pair. The link may involve function, category, part-whole, or degree.

A reasoning task where all but one item in a group share a common property, and the candidate identifies the exception. The shared rule may be numerical, semantic, or structural.

A puzzle placing people around a line or circle under given conditions of position and facing direction. Candidates deduce the full arrangement to answer specific questions.

A reasoning problem tracking movement through north, south, east, and west turns, often asking for final distance or facing direction. Sketching the path reduces errors.

A diagram using overlapping circles to show how sets relate, such as inclusion, exclusion, or partial overlap. It is used in set-based reasoning and data interpretation questions.

A reasoning item presenting a problem statement followed by possible responses. Candidates judge which actions are practical, relevant, and address the stated problem directly.

Reading tables, bar graphs, pie charts, or line graphs and answering questions computed from them. Skills include percentage change, ratios, and averages drawn from the displayed figures.

A fraction expressed per hundred, used to compare quantities and express change. Converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages speeds up calculation in aptitude sections.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind; a proportion states that two ratios are equal. These ideas underpin mixture, partnership, and scaling problems.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values. It is used in problems involving replacement, weighted groups, and speed over equal distances.

A mean in which each value contributes in proportion to its assigned weight. It is used when groups differ in size, such as combined class averages or mixture problems.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by 100. It does not compound.

Interest calculated on both the principal and previously accumulated interest, so the amount grows geometrically. It is typically computed annually, half-yearly, or quarterly.

Problems linking speed, elapsed time, and distance through the relation distance equals speed times time. Variants include relative speed, trains crossing objects, and boats in streams.

Problems where workers or machines complete a task at given rates, and the combined or remaining time is required. Rates are usually expressed as work done per day.

A time-and-work variant where inlet pipes fill a tank and outlet pipes empty it. Net filling rate is the sum of inlet rates minus outlet rates.

Permutations count ordered arrangements, while combinations count selections where order does not matter. Factorials and the nCr formula are central tools.

The measure of how likely an event is, computed as favourable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes. Values range from zero to one.

The rules governing integers, divisibility, factors, multiples, remainders, and primes. Mastery supports quick solving of HCF, LCM, and simplification questions.

The highest common factor is the largest number dividing two or more numbers exactly; the lowest common multiple is the smallest number they all divide. Their product equals the product of the two numbers.

Calculation of perimeter, area, surface area, and volume for standard two- and three-dimensional shapes such as circles, triangles, cylinders, and spheres.

Celebrated on 26 January, it marks the day in 1950 when the Constitution of India came into force, replacing the Government of India Act of 1935 as the governing document.

The supreme law of India, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and effective from 26 January 1950. It establishes the parliamentary system and federal structure.

Guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution, these include equality, freedom of speech, protection of life and personal liberty, and remedies for their enforcement through writs.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing the state towards social and economic welfare. They are not enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance.

The three-tier rural local governance system of gram panchayat, panchayat samiti, and zila parishad, given constitutional status by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992.

The annual statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of the Government of India, presented to Parliament before the financial year begins, usually on 1 February.

The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities. It is a key monetary policy tool for controlling inflation.

The gap between total government expenditure and total receipts excluding borrowings. It indicates how much the government must borrow to meet its spending.

A grouping of states founded in 1961 at Belgrade that declined alignment with either Cold War bloc. India was a leading founder alongside Yugoslavia, Egypt, Ghana, and Indonesia.

An international organisation founded in 1945 with headquarters in New York, currently comprising 193 member states. India was a founding member.

A specialised UN agency established in 1948 with headquarters in Geneva, responsible for global public health coordination, disease surveillance, and health standards.

A word with a meaning opposite to another, such as scarce and abundant. Antonym questions test vocabulary breadth and awareness of context-dependent opposites.

A word that means nearly the same as another, such as brief and concise. Correct choices must fit the sentence's context, not merely share a rough meaning.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from its individual words, such as to bite the bullet. Idiom questions ask for the accepted figurative meaning.

A verb combined with a preposition or adverb that creates a new meaning, such as put off meaning postpone. The particle changes the sense entirely.

A word showing the relation of a noun or pronoun to another element, such as in, on, at, or between. Fill-in-the-blank items often test the correct preposition after a verb or adjective.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person. Errors commonly arise with collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and phrases between subject and verb.

Voice shows whether the subject performs or receives the action. Converting between them requires adjusting the verb form and swapping subject and object.

Reported speech restates someone's words without quotation marks, requiring changes in pronouns, tense, and time expressions. Direct speech quotes the original words exactly.

Answering questions based on a passage, covering main idea, tone, vocabulary in context, and inference. Answers must be supported by the passage rather than outside knowledge.

A passage with blanks to be filled by choosing the most suitable word for each gap. Both grammar and overall meaning of the surrounding text guide the choice.

A word that sounds the same as another but differs in spelling or meaning, such as their and there. Confusion between homophones is a common spelling-error question type.

A set of sentences given out of order that must be rearranged into a coherent paragraph. Opening sentences, pronoun links, and connectors reveal the correct sequence.