Science
Science tests conceptual understanding in physics, chemistry and biology, plus inquiry-based teaching and safe practical work.
Content core
- Physics: motion, force, Newton’s laws, gravitation, work and energy, light, sound, electricity and magnetism.
- Chemistry: states of matter, separation methods, acids and bases, metals, carbon compounds.
- Biology: cell structure, nutrition, respiration, transport, reproduction, heredity, ecosystems.
Pedagogy
Use the 5E model: engage, explore, explain, elaborate, evaluate. Begin with a question or demonstration, let students predict and record, then formalise the idea. Address misconceptions with evidence, not assertion. Teach lab safety before handling heat, chemicals or glassware.
Worked example
A 20 N force acts on a 4 kg mass. Find acceleration. Reasoning: Newton’s second law gives F = ma, so a = F/m = 20/4 = 5 m/s². The direction of acceleration is the direction of the net force.
Traps
Treating mass and weight as the same; calling speed a vector; confusing observation with inference; writing a conclusion before checking data. In pedagogy, a demonstration is not inquiry unless students predict, investigate and explain.