AP EdCET flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Present perfect tense
- Formed with has/have + past participle; used for past actions with present relevance or experiences, e.g., 'She has finished her homework'.
- Active to passive
- Move object to subject, use appropriate form of 'be' + past participle, and add 'by' + agent if needed, e.g., 'The dog chased the cat' → 'The cat was chased by the dog'.
- Idiom meaning
- An expression whose meaning is not literal; e.g., 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in an awkward situation.
- Homophones
- Words that sound the same but differ in spelling and meaning, such as 'their', 'there', and 'they're'.
- Direct to indirect speech
- Change pronouns, tense (present to past), and time/place words; use 'that' for statements and 'if/whether' for yes/no questions, keeping question word order.
- Reading comprehension strategy
- Identify main idea, supporting details, inference, and tone; eliminate options that are too broad, too narrow, or not stated in the passage.
- Article usage
- Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds; use 'the' for specific or previously mentioned nouns.
- Indian Constitution adoption
- Adopted on 26 November 1949 and enforced on 26 January 1950; Dr B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee.
- Tropic of Cancer in India
- Passes through 8 Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
- Chandrayaan-3
- India's lunar mission that landed near the Moon's south pole in August 2023, making India the first country to achieve this.
- Bharat Ratna
- India's highest civilian award, given for exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field.
- UN founding
- The United Nations was founded in 1945 with headquarters in New York; India is a founding member.
- Bloom's taxonomy
- A hierarchical model of cognitive skills: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate, and Create; used to design learning objectives and assessments.
- Formative assessment
- Assessment conducted during instruction to provide feedback and adjust teaching; it is not used for grading.
- Learner-centred approach
- An instructional approach that emphasises active student participation, inquiry, and collaboration, with the teacher as facilitator.
- Maslow's hierarchy
- A motivational theory with five levels: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, and self-actualisation; lower needs must be met before higher ones.
- Inclusive education
- An approach that accommodates all students, including those with disabilities, in mainstream classrooms with necessary support and adaptations.
- RTE Act 2009
- The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 in India.
- Pragmatism in education
- A philosophy associated with John Dewey that emphasises learning by doing, experience, and adapting to change.
- Piaget's cognitive stages
- Four stages: sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-7), concrete operational (7-11), and formal operational (11+); each stage has distinct thinking patterns.
- Vygotsky's ZPD
- The Zone of Proximal Development is the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance; scaffolding supports learning in this zone.
- Kothari Commission
- Indian Education Commission (1964-66) that recommended the 10+2+3 structure and a common school system.
- NEP 2020 structure
- National Education Policy 2020 introduced a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure covering ages 3-18, with emphasis on multidisciplinary and mother-tongue education.
- Gandhi's Nai Talim
- Gandhi's scheme of craft-centred, self-reliant education that integrates manual work with academic learning.
- Article 21A
- The Indian constitutional article that guarantees the right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14.
- 5E instructional model
- A science teaching model with five phases: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate.
- Communicative language teaching
- A language teaching approach that emphasises interaction and real communication over grammar drills.
- Manipulatives in mathematics
- Concrete objects used to teach abstract mathematical concepts, such as blocks for fractions or counters for addition.
- Differentiation by product
- Adapting the output students produce (e.g., report, presentation, model) to match their readiness, interests, and learning profiles.
- Scientific method
- A systematic process of observation, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion used in science teaching.
- Rubric
- A scoring guide that lists criteria and performance levels for assessing student work objectively.
- Action research
- A cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting used by teachers to improve classroom practice.