AP High Court Examiner flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Phrases between subject and verb, such as "along with", do not change the verb's number.

Dangling modifier

An introductory participial phrase must modify the subject of the main clause. If it modifies something else, the sentence is faulty and needs rewriting or reordering.

Suo motu meaning

Latin for "on its own motion". A court acts suo motu when it starts proceedings on its own initiative, without any party filing a petition or complaint.

Affect versus effect

"Affect" is normally a verb meaning to influence. "Effect" is normally a noun meaning a result. Confusing the two is a common error in official drafting.

Constitution commencement date

The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, the date celebrated as Republic Day.

Supreme Court sanctioned strength

The Supreme Court of India has a sanctioned strength of 34 judges, including the Chief Justice of India. The number is fixed by Parliament by law.

Bharat Ratna

The highest civilian award of India, given for exceptional service or performance of the highest order. It is announced and conferred by the President.

NALSA

The National Legal Services Authority, constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, provides free legal aid to eligible persons and organises Lok Adalats.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by one hundred. Interest is calculated only on the original principal.

Compound interest formula

Compound interest equals principal times the quantity one plus rate over one hundred, raised to the time period, minus principal. Interest earns interest each period.

Average formula

Average equals the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations. Adding a constant to every observation raises the average by that constant.

km/h to m/s

To convert a speed in kilometres per hour to metres per second, multiply by five and divide by eighteen. To reverse it, multiply by eighteen and divide by five.

Combination formula

The number of combinations of n items taken r at a time equals n factorial divided by r factorial times n minus r factorial. Order does not matter.

Syllogism rule

A conclusion follows from the premises only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram of those premises. A conclusion true in some diagrams only does not follow.

Clock hand angle

The angle between the hour and minute hands equals the absolute value of thirty times the hour minus five point five times the minutes.

Blood relation diagram

Draw a family tree with vertical lines for parent-child links and horizontal lines for spouse links. Mark gender explicitly so relationships are not misread.

Direction sense method

Sum all north-south displacements and all east-west displacements separately. The net displacement is the square root of the sum of their squares.

Excel absolute reference

A reference such as $A$1 with dollar signs before both column and row is absolute and does not change when the formula is copied to other cells.

Mail merge

A word-processing feature that combines a main document containing fixed text with a data source of variable records to produce many personalised copies.

Byte and bit

One byte consists of eight bits. A bit is a binary digit, zero or one. Memory sizes are usually expressed in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes.

RAM versus ROM

RAM is volatile working memory whose contents are lost when power is removed. ROM is non-volatile and retains its contents permanently, typically firmware.

Article 32

Article 32 of the Constitution guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is itself a Fundamental Right.

Article 226

Article 226 empowers a High Court to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights and for any other legal right. Its scope is wider than Article 32.

Article 368

Article 368 lays down the procedure for amending the Constitution. Amendments need a special majority, and federal provisions also need ratification by half the States.

Fundamental Duties

Article 51A lists the Fundamental Duties of citizens. They were inserted by the 42nd Amendment on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee.

Section 9 CPC

Section 9 of the Code of Civil Procedure gives civil courts jurisdiction over suits of a civil nature, except where jurisdiction is expressly or impliedly barred.

Order XXXIX CPC

Order XXXIX of the Code of Civil Procedure deals with temporary injunctions and interlocutory orders, including the grant of an injunction pending disposal of the suit.

Bailable offence

In a bailable offence, bail is a matter of right and may be granted by the police or the court. In non-bailable offences, bail is discretionary.

Plaint essentials

A plaint must state the parties, the cause of action and when it arose, the court's jurisdiction, the valuation of the suit, and the relief claimed.

Diarisation of case

Diarisation is the entry of a freshly filed case in the court's diary register, assigning it a unique number and date for listing before the bench.

A-series records

Court records classified in the A-series are permanent and are never destroyed. B-series records are retained for a fixed long period, C-series for a short period.

Movement register

A register recording every movement of a case file, showing date, recipient and purpose. No file may leave the office without an entry.