APPSC Extension Officer flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Fundamental Rights

Rights guaranteed in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12-35), covering equality, freedom, exploitation, religion, cultural and educational rights, and constitutional remedies.

Successive discount formula

Two successive discounts of a% and b% equal a single discount of a + b − (ab/100) percent. Apply this to find net selling price.

Tropic of Cancer states

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.

Time and work LCM method

Take the LCM of individual completion times as total work units; each person's one-day work equals LCM divided by their days. Add rates for joint work.

73rd Amendment Act

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, in force from 24 April 1993, gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule.

Gram Sabha

The Gram Sabha consists of all persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village within a Panchayat area. It is the foundational deliberative body of the Panchayat system.

Eleventh Schedule subjects

The Eleventh Schedule lists 29 subjects for Panchayats, including agriculture, minor irrigation, rural housing, drinking water, poverty alleviation, education, and public health.

MGNREGA entitlement

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005, guarantees at least 100 days of unskilled wage employment per rural household per year, with one-third reserved for women.

PESA Act 1996

The Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, extends Panchayat provisions to Scheduled Areas and gives Gram Sabhas special powers over land, water, forests, and minor minerals.

Zilla Parishad

The Zilla Parishad is the district-level tier of Panchayati Raj, coordinating and supervising Mandal and village Panchayats and implementing district-level rural development plans.

Soil pH classification

Soil is acidic below pH 6.5, neutral between 6.5 and 7.5, and alkaline above 7.5. Lime corrects acidity; gypsum and sulphur help correct alkalinity.

Economic threshold level

The economic threshold level is the pest population density at which the cost of control measures equals the value of crop loss avoided, justifying intervention.

Kharif and rabi crops

Kharif crops are sown with the monsoon (June-July) and harvested in autumn, such as rice and cotton; rabi crops are sown in winter, such as wheat and gram.

Result demonstration

A result demonstration shows farmers the visible superiority of an improved practice over local practice, using side-by-side plots to convince them through observed results.

Composite fish culture

Composite fish culture stocks compatible carp species together-catla, rohu, mrigal, and exotic carps-so they feed at different pond levels and maximise yield per hectare.

Gestation period of buffalo

The gestation period of a buffalo is about 310 days, compared with about 280 days for cattle, about 150 days for goats, and about 147 days for sheep.

Extension education

Extension education is informal, out-of-school education for rural people, aimed at changing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and practices through planned communication and voluntary participation.

Method demonstration

A method demonstration teaches farmers how to perform a specific skill step by step, such as seed treatment or compost preparation, in front of a small group.

Adoption process stages

The adoption process has five stages: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. A farmer moves through them before finally accepting an innovation.

Adopter categories

Rogers classifies adopters as innovators (2.5%), early adopters (13.5%), early majority (34%), late majority (34%), and laggards (16%) of the population.

Communication model

Communication involves a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. Noise is any interference that distorts the message between sender and receiver.

Audio-visual aids

Audio-visual aids such as charts, flash cards, flannel boards, and models make extension messages concrete, visible, and easier to remember for rural audiences.

Community Development Programme

India's Community Development Programme began on 2 October 1952 in 55 pilot blocks, using the block as the unit of integrated rural development administration.

Self-help group

A self-help group is a small voluntary group of 10-20 members, usually women, who pool savings and take micro-credit; NABARD pioneered SHG-bank linkage.

Tendulkar Committee

The Tendulkar Committee (2009) shifted poverty estimation from calorie-based norms to consumption expenditure that includes health and education spending.

ICDS scheme

The Integrated Child Development Services scheme provides supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-ups, and pre-school education to children under six and to expectant mothers.

Participatory rural appraisal

PRA is a set of participatory tools-social mapping, transect walks, focus group discussions-that helps communities analyse their own conditions and plan development activities.

AP Reorganisation Act 2014

The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, effective 2 June 2014, created Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as joint capital for up to ten years.

Amaravati

Amaravati is the planned capital city of Andhra Pradesh, located on the banks of the Krishna river near Vijayawada, intended as the state's administrative capital.

AP state symbols

Andhra Pradesh's state animal is the blackbuck, state bird the rose-ringed parakeet, state tree the neem, and state flower the jasmine (malli).

Polavaram project

The Polavaram project is a multipurpose irrigation and hydropower project on the Godavari river in Andhra Pradesh, serving as the state's flagship irrigation scheme.