Assam HS Higher Secondary Geography flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Exfoliation
- A weathering process in which outer rock layers peel away in sheets because repeated heating and cooling or pressure release weakens the rock surface.
- Oxbow lake
- A crescent-shaped lake formed when a river abandons a meander loop after the neck of the loop is cut through during a flood.
- Dendritic drainage pattern
- A branching drainage pattern resembling a tree, developed on rocks of uniform resistance where tributaries join main streams at acute angles.
- Cirque
- A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier at the head of a valley, often containing a tarn and bounded by a steep headwall and arête.
- Rock cycle
- The continuous transformation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks through melting, cooling, weathering, erosion, deposition, burial and metamorphism.
- Albedo
- The proportion of incoming solar radiation reflected by a surface; fresh snow has high albedo while dark ocean and forests have low albedo.
- Relative humidity
- The ratio of actual water vapour in air to the maximum vapour the air can hold at the same temperature, usually expressed as a percentage.
- Coriolis force
- An apparent force caused by Earth's rotation that deflects moving air and water to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere.
- Monsoon
- A seasonal reversal of prevailing winds, especially over South Asia, caused by differential heating of land and sea and linked to ITCZ shift.
- Tropical cyclone
- An intense low-pressure system over warm tropical oceans with organised thunderstorms, strong winds and heavy rain around a calm eye.
- Aquifer
- A permeable rock or sediment body that stores and transmits groundwater in usable quantities, often tapped by wells and springs.
- Drainage density
- The total length of streams in a drainage basin divided by basin area; high values indicate closely spaced channels and rapid runoff.
- Soil profile
- A vertical section through soil showing horizons from surface organic matter to weathered parent material and bedrock.
- Cation exchange capacity
- The ability of soil particles, especially clay and humus, to hold exchangeable positive ions such as calcium, magnesium and potassium for plant uptake.
- Dependency ratio
- The number of people aged below 15 or above 64 per 100 people aged 15-64, showing the economic burden on the working-age population.
- Demographic transition
- A model showing changes from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a society urbanises and develops economically.
- Push-pull migration
- A framework explaining migration by negative conditions pushing people from origin areas and attractive conditions pulling them to destination areas.
- Primate city
- A city that is disproportionately larger than the second-largest city in a country and dominates its economy, politics and culture.
- Von Thünen model
- A land-use model showing concentric rings of farming around a market, determined by transport costs, perishability and rent-paying ability.
- Peninsular plateau
- The old, stable, largely crystalline rock region of peninsular India, bounded by the Western and Eastern Ghats and rich in minerals.
- Black soil
- Dark clay-rich soil formed from basalt, also called regur, which retains moisture and supports cotton; common in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
- Brahmaputra plain
- The flood-prone alluvial valley of the Brahmaputra in Assam, characterised by braided channels, sandbars called chars and fertile soil.
- Iron ore belt
- India's major iron ore deposits occur in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka, often associated with Precambrian banded iron formations.
- Monsoon rainfall regime
- A seasonal pattern with most annual rain in the southwest monsoon months, June to September, and marked variability from year to year.
- Kharif season
- The summer monsoon cropping season in India, when crops such as rice, maize, cotton and jute are sown with the arrival of rain.
- National Waterway 2
- The Brahmaputra river stretch declared as a national waterway in Assam, important for cargo and passenger transport between Dhubri and Sadiya.
- Green Revolution
- The adoption of high-yielding seed varieties, fertilisers, irrigation and mechanisation that raised food grain output in India from the 1960s.
- Industrial corridor
- A planned zone along a transport route linking industries, ports and cities to promote manufacturing, logistics and regional development.
- Representative fraction
- A map scale written as a ratio, such as 1:50,000, meaning one unit on the map equals 50,000 same units on the ground.
- Contour line
- A line on a map joining points of equal elevation above sea level; closely spaced contours indicate steep slopes and widely spaced ones gentle slopes.
- Choropleth map
- A thematic map that uses shades or colours to show the average value of a variable in each administrative area or region.
- Quadrat sampling
- A field method in which a square frame is placed at selected points to record vegetation or ground cover within a defined area.