Assam Higher Secondary History flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Harappa excavation

Harappa was first excavated in 1921 by Daya Ram Sahni under the Archaeological Survey of India, establishing the Indus Valley Civilisation as a distinct Bronze Age urban culture.

Mohenjo-daro Great Bath

A large rectangular tank at Mohenjo-daro, lined with bitumen and brick, interpreted as a ritual bathing structure of the Mature Harappan period, roughly 2600–1900 BCE.

Rigveda

The oldest of the four Vedas, a collection of hymns in Vedic Sanskrit addressed to deities such as Indra, Agni and Varuna, composed roughly between 1500 and 1000 BCE.

Sabha and Samiti

Two assemblies mentioned in the Rigveda; samiti appears as a broader tribal gathering and sabha as a smaller council, indicating early Vedic deliberative institutions.

Four Noble Truths

Core Buddhist teaching: existence involves suffering, suffering has a cause (craving), it can cease, and the Eightfold Path leads to that cessation.

Tripitaka

The threefold Pali canon of Theravada Buddhism, comprising the Vinaya Pitaka (monastic rules), Sutta Pitaka (discourses) and Abhidhamma Pitaka (systematic doctrine).

Kalinga war

Ashoka's conquest of Kalinga, recorded in Major Rock Edict XIII; the bloodshed led him to embrace Dhamma and publicise ethical governance through edicts.

Arthashastra

A Sanskrit treatise on statecraft attributed to Kautilya (Chanakya), covering taxation, espionage, diplomacy and administration; its date is debated but it is associated with the Mauryan era.

Allahabad Pillar Inscription

A Gupta-era inscription of Samudragupta composed by Harisena, listing his conquests and mentioning frontier kingdoms including Kamarupa and Davaka.

Nalanda

A major Buddhist monastic university in present-day Bihar, flourishing from the Gupta period onward under patronage such as that of Harshavardhana, attracting students from across Asia.

Kamarupa

The ancient name for the region of present-day Assam, attested in the Allahabad Pillar Inscription and in the Nidhanpur copper-plate grant of Bhaskaravarman.

Sukapha

A Shan prince who entered the Brahmaputra valley in 1228 CE and founded the Ahom kingdom, establishing its capital first at Charaideo.

Battle of Saraighat

A 1671 battle on the Brahmaputra in which Ahom forces under Lachit Borphukan defeated the Mughal army commanded by Ram Singh, halting Mughal expansion into Assam.

Treaty of Yandabo

The 1826 treaty ending the First Anglo-Burmese War, under which Burma ceded Assam and other territories to the British East India Company.

Assam Chief Commissioner province

In 1874 Assam was constituted a Chief Commissioner's province, separated from Bengal; it was reunited with Bengal in 1912 and made a Governor's province in 1921.

Assam Agitation

A mass movement from 1979 to 1985 against the inclusion of undocumented migrants in the electoral rolls, ending with the Assam Accord of 15 August 1985.

Assam Accord 1985

An agreement signed by the Union government, Assam government and AASU leaders, setting 25 March 1971 as the cut-off date for detecting and deleting foreign nationals.

Dandi March

Gandhi's 1930 march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to make salt in defiance of the salt law, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Quit India Movement

Launched in August 1942 with the Bombay session resolution demanding immediate British withdrawal; it led to mass arrests of Congress leaders.

Cabinet Mission 1946

A three-member British mission proposing a federal union with grouped provinces; its plan framed the Constituent Assembly elections of 1946.

Indian Independence Act 1947

British legislation based on the Mountbatten Plan that created the independent dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947 and abolished British paramountcy over princely states.

States Reorganisation Act 1956

Legislation reorganising Indian states largely on linguistic lines, following the report of the States Reorganisation Commission of 1955.

Permanent Settlement 1793

Cornwallis's revenue system in Bengal fixing land revenue with zamindars permanently; it was not extended to Assam, where other systems prevailed.

Ryotwari system

A land revenue system in which revenue was settled directly with individual cultivators (ryots), associated with Thomas Munro and Alexander Read in Madras.

Revolt of 1857

A widespread uprising against Company rule beginning at Meerut in May 1857, triggered by greased cartridges and grievances over annexations and land revenue.

Indian National Congress 1885

Founded in Bombay in December 1885 with W. C. Bonnerjee as first president, supported by A. O. Hume; it became the main vehicle of the national movement.

Partition of Bengal 1905

Curzon's division of Bengal, annulled in 1911; it provoked the Swadeshi and Boycott movements and the rise of revolutionary nationalism.

Lucknow Pact 1916

An agreement between the Congress and Muslim League on separate electorates and representation, marking temporary cooperation between the two organisations.

Simon Commission

A 1928 British commission sent to review constitutional reform in India; it contained no Indian members, prompting nationwide protests and the slogan 'Simon Go Back'.

Government of India Act 1935

British legislation introducing provincial autonomy and a federal structure; it provided the basis for the 1937 provincial elections and influenced the Indian Constitution.

Non-Cooperation Movement

Launched in 1920 under Gandhi, it urged boycott of British titles, courts and schools; it was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Ahom Paik system

A labour organisation of the Ahom kingdom in which adult male subjects were grouped as paiks for state service, including military and public works duty.