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ASSEB HS Advance Bodo study materials
ASSEB HS Advance Bodo study resources

ASSEB HS Advance Bodo practice questions

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Question 1Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In the Bodo (Boro) script written in Devanagari, which letter represents the vowel sound 'a' as in the first vowel of 'Bodo'?

  1. इ
  2. अ Correct answer.
  3. आ
  4. उ

Explanation

Bodo short 'a' is written with the Devanagari letter अ, the independent short vowel. The long 'aa' is a separate letter and the others are different vowel qualities entirely.

Question 2Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

The Bodo word for 'water' is written in Devanagari as दै. Which vowel sign is attached to the consonant द in this spelling?

  1. the sign ी (ii)
  2. the sign ै (ai) Correct answer.
  3. the sign ा (aa)
  4. the sign ो (o)

Explanation

The Bodo word 'dwi' (water) uses the vowel sign ै, which in Bodo orthography represents the diphthong-like 'wi/ai' sound. The sign is placed after the consonant base द.

Question 3Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which of these is the correct Devanagari spelling of the Bodo word 'nwng' meaning 'you'?

  1. नूं
  2. नां
  3. नीं
  4. नों Correct answer.

Explanation

The Bodo pronoun 'nwng' is written नों, using the consonant न plus the vowel sign ो and the anusvara-like dot that marks nasalisation. The other options change the vowel quality or length.

Question 4Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo grammar, which word class does the particle '-आ' (as in आगोदा) typically mark when suffixed to a noun?

  1. a case or locative relation Correct answer.
  2. a question particle
  3. a future tense
  4. a plural number

Explanation

Bodo uses postpositional case suffixes; the suffix -आ commonly marks a locative or relational case on nouns. Tense and interrogative marking are handled by verb morphology and separate particles, not by this nominal suffix.

Question 5Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which Bodo suffix is the standard plural marker attached to nouns such as 'आखाइ' (person)?

  1. -खौ
  2. -फोर Correct answer.
  3. -आ
  4. -नि

Explanation

The plural marker -फोर is added to Bodo nouns to indicate more than one, so 'आखाइफोर' means 'persons/people'. The other suffixes mark case relations rather than number.

Question 6Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, the accusative-dative case suffix that marks a direct or indirect object is:

  1. -आव
  2. -फोर
  3. -खौ Correct answer.
  4. -नि

Explanation

The suffix -खौ marks the object of a verb, functioning as accusative and dative. It signals that the noun is the recipient or patient of the action.

Question 7Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which suffix in Bodo expresses the genitive (possessive) relation, as in 'my book'?

  1. -फोर
  2. -आव
  3. -नि Correct answer.
  4. -खौ

Explanation

The genitive suffix -नि attaches to the possessor noun or pronoun to show possession. For example 'आंनि' means 'my', built from the first-person form plus -नि.

Question 8Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo verb morphology, which suffix typically marks the present or habitual tense on a verb stem?

  1. -गोन
  2. -दों Correct answer.
  3. -जाय
  4. -बाय

Explanation

The suffix -दों marks present progressive or present habitual action in Bodo verb forms. The other suffixes signal future or completed aspect rather than present time.

Question 9Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which Bodo suffix is used to form the future tense of a verb, as in 'I will go'?

  1. -गोन Correct answer.
  2. -नि
  3. -दों
  4. -बाय

Explanation

The future marker in Bodo is -गोन, attached to the verb stem to indicate an action that will happen. It contrasts with the present marker -दों and perfective -बाय.

Question 10Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In the Bodo sentence 'आं जादों' (I go), what does the verb form 'जादों' consist of?

  1. the noun 'ja' plus a plural suffix
  2. the verb root 'ja' plus the future suffix -गोन
  3. the verb root 'ja' plus the genitive suffix -नि
  4. the verb root 'ja' plus the present suffix -दों Correct answer.

Explanation

'जादों' is built from the verb root 'ja-' (to go) plus the present-tense suffix -दों. This yields the meaning 'go/goes' in present time.

Question 11Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which of the following is the correct Bodo word order pattern in a simple declarative sentence?

  1. Object–Verb–Subject
  2. Verb–Subject–Object
  3. Subject–Verb–Object
  4. Subject–Object–Verb Correct answer.

Explanation

Bodo is an SOV language: the subject comes first, the object next, and the verb occupies the final position. This head-final order also places case suffixes after nouns and tense suffixes after verb stems.

Question 12Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, adjectives typically appear in which position relative to the noun they modify?

  1. before the noun Correct answer.
  2. after the verb
  3. after the noun
  4. at the end of the clause

Explanation

Bodo places attributive adjectives before the noun they modify, as in 'गोजौ हा' (big house). This prenominal position matches the head-final character of the language.

Question 13Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which Bodo pronoun is the first-person singular form meaning 'I'?

  1. आं Correct answer.
  2. जों
  3. बि
  4. नों

Explanation

The first-person singular pronoun in Bodo is 'आं' meaning 'I'. The other forms refer to second person, third person, and first-person plural respectively.

Question 14Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, which pronoun corresponds to the first-person plural 'we'?

  1. जों Correct answer.
  2. बेफोर
  3. नों
  4. आं

Explanation

'जों' is the first-person plural pronoun meaning 'we' in Bodo. It contrasts with the singular 'आं' (I) and with second- and third-person forms.

Question 15Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

The Bodo demonstrative 'बे' (this) contrasts with which demonstrative meaning 'that'?

  1. आं
  2. नों
  3. जों
  4. बै Correct answer.

Explanation

Bodo distinguishes proximal 'बे' (this) from distal 'बै' (that). The pair works like English this/that and can combine with classifiers and plural markers.

Question 16Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo orthography, how is the sound written with the Devanagari letter 'व' typically realised when it appears in native Bodo words?

  1. as a bilabial approximant 'w' Correct answer.
  2. as a palatal 'c'
  3. as a retroflex 'r'
  4. as a voiceless labiodental 'f'

Explanation

In Bodo spelling, the letter व represents a bilabial approximant similar to English 'w', as in 'dwi' (water). It is not the labiodental fricative of Hindi.

Question 17Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which Devanagari character is used in Bodo writing to represent the velar nasal sound found at the end of 'nwng'?

  1. ण
  2. ञ
  3. ङ Correct answer.
  4. न

Explanation

The velar nasal is written with ङ in Devanagari, and Bodo uses it for the final nasal of words like 'nwng'. The other nasals differ in place of articulation.

Question 18Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, the suffix -आव attached to a noun indicates which meaning?

  1. plurality
  2. possession, 'of'
  3. object of a verb
  4. location, 'in/at' Correct answer.

Explanation

The locative suffix -आव marks the place where something is or happens, roughly 'in' or 'at'. It is distinct from the genitive -नि and the object marker -खौ.

Question 19Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which of the following best describes the Bodo negative verb formation?

  1. a negative suffix or particle attached to the verb form Correct answer.
  2. a separate negative noun preceding the subject
  3. doubling of the verb stem
  4. placing the verb first in the clause

Explanation

Bodo expresses negation through a negative suffix or particle that attaches to the verb, producing forms such as 'ja-ya' (does not go). Negation is thus a morphological verbal category.

Question 20Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, the classifier system is used mainly to:

  1. mark tense on verbs
  2. count or enumerate nouns according to their semantic class Correct answer.
  3. show the gender of pronouns
  4. indicate the politeness level of the speaker

Explanation

Bodo employs numeral classifiers that group nouns into semantic classes (for humans, animals, objects) when counting. The classifier appears between the numeral and the noun.

Question 21Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which statement about Bodo vowel length is correct in the standard orthography?

  1. Length is shown only by the anusvara dot.
  2. Long vowels are written only in loanwords.
  3. Bodo has no length distinction at all.
  4. Short and long vowels are distinguished and written with different Devanagari signs. Correct answer.

Explanation

Bodo orthography distinguishes short and long vowels using separate Devanagari vowel signs, for example अ versus आ. This contrast is lexical and must be learned word by word.

Question 22Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In the Bodo writing system, the anusvara-like dot (ं) placed over a vowel typically indicates:

  1. nasalisation of the vowel Correct answer.
  2. a long vowel
  3. a high tone
  4. a glottal stop

Explanation

The dot written above a vowel in Bodo Devanagari spelling marks nasalisation of that vowel, as in नों. It does not encode length, tone, or glottalisation.

Question 23Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which Bodo form correctly combines the verb 'ja' (go) with the perfective marker to mean 'has gone'?

  1. जागोन
  2. जानि
  3. जादों
  4. जाबाय Correct answer.

Explanation

The perfective suffix -बाय attached to the root 'ja-' yields 'जाबाय', meaning 'has gone'. This contrasts with present -दों and future -गोन forms.

Question 24Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, the word 'गोजौ' functions as which part of speech in 'गोजौ हा' (big house)?

  1. a verb
  2. a numeral
  3. a postposition
  4. an adjective Correct answer.

Explanation

In 'गोजौ हा', the word 'गोजौ' describes the noun 'हा' (house) and therefore functions as an adjective. It precedes the noun, consistent with Bodo adjective placement.

Question 25Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

Which statement correctly describes the position of case suffixes in a Bodo noun phrase?

  1. They appear only in questions.
  2. They attach to the verb.
  3. They attach to the final noun of the phrase. Correct answer.
  4. They precede the noun as separate words.

Explanation

Bodo case suffixes are bound endings that attach to the noun, typically the final element of the noun phrase. They are not free-standing prepositions placed before the noun.

Question 26Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In standard Bodo orthography written in Devanagari script, which character is used to represent the sound /w/ (as in the first-person plural pronoun 'we')?

  1. ब
  2. म
  3. व Correct answer.
  4. भ

Explanation

Bodo uses the Devanagari letter व to write the labial-velar approximant /w/, a sound that contrasts with the voiced bilabial stop /b/ written with ब. This convention is seen in forms such as 'व' in the first-person plural pronoun, where the /w/ onset must be kept distinct from /b/. The other letters represent different places or manners of articulation and cannot stand for /w/.

Question 27Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, the word 'गोजौ' in the phrase 'गोजौ हा' (big house) belongs to which word class?

  1. Verb
  2. Noun
  3. Adjective Correct answer.
  4. Postposition

Explanation

In Bodo, words describing a quality of a noun, such as 'गोजौ' meaning 'big', function as adjectives and typically precede the noun they modify, as in 'गोजौ हा'. They do not inflect for gender or number and are not verbal forms. Nouns denote entities, verbs denote actions or states, and postpositions mark grammatical relations, so none of those classes fits here.

Question 28Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, which suffix is added to a verb stem to express the perfective meaning 'has gone', as in the form built from 'ja' (go)?

  1. -दों Correct answer.
  2. -नि
  3. -जा
  4. -आव

Explanation

The Bodo suffix -दों marks perfective aspect, indicating that the action is completed with relevance to the present, so 'ja' plus -दों yields the meaning 'has gone'. It contrasts with the simple present or habitual marker and with case suffixes such as -आव and -नि, which attach to nouns rather than verbs. The form -जा is not a perfective marker but part of the verb stem itself.

Question 29Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In a Bodo noun phrase, where do case suffixes such as the accusative-dative marker appear relative to the noun and any modifying adjective?

  1. They appear as separate words before the noun.
  2. They attach to the first word of the sentence regardless of phrase boundaries.
  3. They attach to the adjective, before the noun.
  4. They attach to the final noun of the phrase, after any adjective. Correct answer.

Explanation

Bodo is an agglutinating language in which case suffixes are enclitic to the noun phrase, attaching to the head noun that stands at the end of the phrase after any attributive adjective. For example, in a phrase meaning 'big house' with an object marker, the suffix follows 'हा' (house), not 'गोजौ' (big). This phrase-final placement is consistent with the head-final order of Bodo syntax.

Question 30Bodo Language: Script, Orthography and Grammar

In Bodo, the negative verb form is typically formed by which morphological strategy?

  1. Replacing the verb with an independent negative word
  2. Prefixing a negative particle to the verb stem
  3. Using a separate negative auxiliary after the verb
  4. Adding a negative suffix to the verb stem before tense marking Correct answer.

Explanation

Bodo expresses negation primarily by a negative suffix attached to the verb stem, which precedes tense and aspect markers in the verbal complex. This is an agglutinative pattern in which the negative morpheme is part of the verb word rather than a separate particle or auxiliary. Prefixation and independent negative words are not the standard Bodo strategy.

Question 31Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

In Bodo word formation, which suffix is added to a verb root to form an abstract noun meaning 'the act of doing'?

  1. -आ (a)
  2. -नि (ni) Correct answer.
  3. -आव (av)
  4. -गिरि (giri)

Explanation

The nominalising suffix -नि (ni) attaches to verb roots to build abstract action nouns, as in लाइनि (laini, 'the act of taking'). It is the standard device for turning a verbal predicate into a noun of action. The other suffixes listed serve different formative functions and do not produce this abstract action meaning.

Question 32Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which of the following Bodo words is formed with the causative suffix -हर (-har)?

  1. साहर (sahar)
  2. गोहर (gohar)
  3. दिहर (dihar)
  4. बाहर (bahar) Correct answer.

Explanation

The causative suffix -हर (-har) is added to a verb stem to indicate that the subject causes someone else to perform the action. बाहर (bahar) is a causative form built on this pattern. The remaining items are not analysable as verb stem plus the causative -हर.

Question 33Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

The Bodo prefix गो- (go-) is most commonly used in word formation to indicate which meaning?

  1. diminutive size Correct answer.
  2. plurality
  3. reciprocity
  4. negation

Explanation

The prefix गो- (go-) is a diminutive formative that marks smallness or endearment when attached to nouns, as in गोब्ला (gobla). It does not negate, pluralise, or signal reciprocity. Diminutive marking is its core derivational function.

Question 34Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which pair correctly shows a Bodo noun and its corresponding adjective form derived by suffixation?

  1. दुखु (dukhu) → दुखुनि (dukhuni)
  2. गोरो (goro) → गोरोनि (goroni)
  3. मोजां (mojang) → मोजांनि (mojangni) Correct answer.
  4. हाबा (haba) → हाबानि (habani)

Explanation

The suffix -नि (-ni) derives an adjective from a noun, giving the sense 'pertaining to or characterised by'. मोजां (mojang, 'good/beauty') with -नि yields the adjectival मोजांनि (mojangni). This noun-to-adjective pattern is regular and productive in Bodo derivation.

Question 35Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

In Bodo, the suffix -फोर (-for) attached to a noun serves which grammatical function?

  1. marking the locative case
  2. forming a diminutive
  3. forming a causative verb
  4. marking the plural Correct answer.

Explanation

The suffix -फोर (-for) is the regular plural marker for nouns in Bodo, as in आरि (ari, 'friend') becoming आरिफोर (arifor, 'friends'). It signals plurality only and does not carry case, causative, or diminutive meaning. Plural marking is its sole formative role.

Question 36Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which Bodo word is a compound formed from two independent noun stems?

  1. आखाइ (akhai)
  2. बिजाब (bijab)
  3. दैमा (daima)
  4. नोजोर (nojor) Correct answer.

Explanation

A compound joins two free stems into one lexical unit. नोजोर (nojor) is analysed as a noun-plus-noun compound whose meaning is not simply the sum of its parts. The other items are not two-noun compounds of this type.

Question 37Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which Bodo suffix is used to derive an agent noun meaning 'one who does X', as in a person who performs the action of the base verb?

  1. -नि (ni)
  2. -गिरि (giri) Correct answer.
  3. -आ (a)
  4. -फोर (for)

Explanation

The agentive suffix -गिरि (-giri) attaches to a nominal or verbal base to name a person associated with that activity, comparable to English '-er'. It produces agent nouns, not abstract nouns or plurals. The other suffixes serve nominalising, abstract-forming, or plural functions.

Question 38Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

When the causative suffix is added to an intransitive Bodo verb, what change occurs in the verb's argument structure?

  1. The verb turns into a noun of action.
  2. The verb becomes plural in agreement.
  3. The verb becomes transitive and takes an added causer argument. Correct answer.
  4. The verb loses its subject entirely.

Explanation

Causativisation adds a causer argument and typically increases valency, turning an intransitive predicate into a transitive one. The original subject becomes the causee while a new causer occupies the subject position. This valency increase is the defining syntactic effect of the causative suffix.

Question 39Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

The Bodo word बिगुर (bigur) is best analysed as which type of formation?

  1. a reduplicated form
  2. a noun-noun compound
  3. a prefix plus stem Correct answer.
  4. an inflected plural

Explanation

बिगुर (bigur) is analysed as a stem with the prefix बि- (bi-) attached, a common derivational pattern in Bodo word formation. It is not reduplication, compounding, or mere inflection. Recognising the prefix boundary is the key to the analysis.

Question 40Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which statement correctly describes the difference between derivation and inflection in Bodo word formation?

  1. Derivation creates new lexical items, while inflection supplies grammatical forms of the same lexeme. Correct answer.
  2. Both derivation and inflection create entirely new dictionary entries.
  3. Inflection is limited to verbs, while derivation is limited to nouns.
  4. Inflection always changes the word class, while derivation never does.

Explanation

Derivation produces a new lexeme, often with a changed meaning or word class, whereas inflection provides grammatical variants such as plural or case of the same lexeme. This distinction underlies how Bodo suffixes are classified. It is not defined by word class restrictions on either side.

Question 41Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

A Bodo speaker forms the word मोजांनि (mojangni) from मोजां (mojang). Which derivational process is illustrated?

  1. conversion
  2. suffixation Correct answer.
  3. reduplication
  4. compounding

Explanation

Adding the suffix -नि to the base मोजां to produce मोजांनि is suffixation, a derivational process that attaches a bound morpheme after the stem. No second stem is joined and no zero-change conversion occurs. The process is therefore clearly suffixal.

Question 42Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which Bodo suffix marks the genitive relation, indicating possession or belonging?

  1. -हर (-har)
  2. -फोर (-for)
  3. -नि (-ni) Correct answer.
  4. -गिरि (-giri)

Explanation

The suffix -नि (-ni) expresses the genitive, linking a possessor to what is possessed, as in 'X-ni Y' meaning 'X's Y'. It is distinct from the plural, causative, and agentive suffixes. Genitive marking is one of its central functions.

Question 43Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

In the Bodo phrase बर'नि हाबा (Boro-ni haba), what does the suffix -नि contribute to the meaning?

  1. It marks possession, giving 'the land of the Bodo'. Correct answer.
  2. It marks the locative 'in Bodo'.
  3. It marks the accusative object.
  4. It marks the plural of 'Bodo'.

Explanation

Here -नि is the genitive suffix, so the phrase means 'the land belonging to the Bodo', i.e. 'the land of the Bodo'. Genitive -नि signals a possessor-possessed relation. It does not pluralise, locate, or mark an object.

Question 44Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which of the following best illustrates a Bodo compound whose overall meaning is idiomatic rather than the literal sum of its parts?

  1. गोब्ला (gobla)
  2. दैमा (daima) Correct answer.
  3. मोजांनि (mojangni)
  4. आरिफोर (arifor)

Explanation

An idiomatic compound has a meaning not predictable from its component stems. दैमा (daima) is such a lexicalised compound, whose sense cannot be recovered by simply adding the meanings of its parts. The other options are plural, adjectival, or diminutive forms rather than idiomatic compounds.

Question 45Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which option correctly identifies the base and the derivational suffix in the Bodo agent noun formed with -गिरि?

  1. base = adjective; suffix = -गिरि, meaning 'small'
  2. base = noun/verb stem; suffix = -गिरि, meaning 'one associated with' Correct answer.
  3. base = numeral; suffix = -गिरि, meaning 'times'
  4. base = pronoun; suffix = -गिरि, meaning 'plural'

Explanation

The agentive -गिरि attaches to a noun or verb stem and yields a person-noun meaning 'one associated with or practising X'. It does not encode smallness, multiplication, or plurality. Correct analysis pairs a nominal or verbal base with this agentive suffix.

Question 46Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

A learner encounters the unfamiliar Bodo form साबगिरि (sabgiri). Using productive word-formation patterns, what is the most reasonable inference about its meaning?

  1. the act of being sab
  2. a person associated with sab Correct answer.
  3. two or more sabs
  4. a small sab

Explanation

Because -गिरि is the productive agentive suffix, an unfamiliar stem plus -गिरि most plausibly denotes a person associated with that stem. This inference relies on the regular function of the agentive suffix. The other readings correspond to diminutive, plural, or abstract-noun formatives, which are different suffixes.

Question 47Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Which statement about reduplication as a word-formation device in Bodo is accurate?

  1. Reduplication always changes a verb into a noun.
  2. Reduplication only applies to numerals.
  3. Reduplication is identical to compounding two different stems.
  4. Reduplication repeats a stem or part of it to convey intensity, repetition, or a distributive sense. Correct answer.

Explanation

Reduplication copies a stem or part of it, and the copied material typically adds meanings such as intensity, repetition, or distributiveness. It is distinct from compounding, which joins different stems. Reduplication is not restricted to numerals nor does it uniformly change word class.

Question 48Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Consider the Bodo noun दुखु (dukhu). Which derived form most plausibly results from adding the abstract-nominalising suffix -नि?

  1. दुखुनि (dukhuni) Correct answer.
  2. दुखुगिरि (dukhugiri)
  3. दुखुफोर (dukhufor)
  4. गोदुखु (godukhu)

Explanation

The suffix -नि forms an abstract or adjectival derivative of the base, so दुखु plus -नि yields दुखुनि. The other options illustrate different formatives: plural, agentive, and diminutive prefixation. Matching suffix to function gives the correct derived form.

Question 49Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

Two Bodo forms share a stem but differ in suffix: one takes -नि and the other takes -गिरि. What is the most accurate description of how their meanings differ?

  1. The -नि form is an abstract or relational derivative; the -गिरि form names a person associated with the base. Correct answer.
  2. Both forms are inflectional variants of the same lexeme.
  3. The -नि form is plural; the -गिरि form is singular.
  4. The -नि form is causative; the -गिरि form is passive.

Explanation

Because -नि yields an abstract or relational derivative while -गिरि yields an agent noun, the two suffixed forms differ in lexical meaning and typically in word class. This is a derivational contrast, not a number or voice distinction. They are therefore separate derived lexemes rather than inflected forms of one lexeme.

Question 50Bodo Vocabulary and Word Formation

A Bodo form contains both the diminutive prefix गो- and the plural suffix -फोर. Which analysis of the layered structure is correct?

  1. The diminutive prefix attaches to the root, and the plural suffix is added to the resulting prefixed stem. Correct answer.
  2. Plural is added first to the root, then the prefix is attached to the whole plural form.
  3. The prefix and suffix cancel each other's meaning.
  4. Both affixes are inflectional and add no lexical meaning.

Explanation

In layered morphology, the diminutive prefix first derives a new stem from the root, and the plural suffix then inflects that prefixed stem. Prefixation is inner and inflection is outer in this construction. The affixes do not cancel each other, and the prefix is derivational rather than inflectional.