Practical/Project Work and Viva
What the exam tests
Practical and project work tests whether you can plan a small office study, collect evidence, present findings and defend your work in a viva. The exam looks for method, original observation and clear reasoning, not a decorative folder.
Core rules and concepts
- A project report should state the title, objectives, methodology, findings, analysis, conclusion, recommendations, bibliography and annexures.
- Methodology explains the sample, tools and period. Primary data may come from observation, interview or questionnaire; secondary data from records and publications.
- Findings should be evidence-based. Keep field notes, dated observations and copies of forms or registers used.
- Recommendations must follow from the findings and be practical for the office studied.
- A viva tests understanding: be ready to explain why you chose the method, what the limitations were and how you analysed the data.
- Acknowledge limitations honestly, such as one office, a short period or a small sample. Do not overgeneralise.
Worked example
A project studies filing in a school office. Reasoning: state the objective, interview the office superintendent, observe 20 files and check whether a retention schedule exists. If files are alphabetical but there is no disposal schedule, recommend a retention list and a cross-index. Limit the conclusion to that office. This links method, evidence and recommendation without exaggeration.
Traps that cost marks
Presenting opinion as a finding. Having no methodology. Copying from the internet without citation. Being unable to explain a table. Arguing with the examiner instead of answering precisely.