Hindi Language Proficiency: Grammar, Vocabulary, and Comprehension
What this domain tests
The Hindi section checks control of standard Hindi grammar, precise vocabulary, and the ability to infer meaning from a passage. Expect sandhi, samasa, upsarga-pratyaya, karak, vachya, kaal, muhavare, vilom, paryayvachi, and comprehension questions that test central idea, tone, and inference.
Core rules
- Sandhi joins sounds at a word boundary; identify the original words before naming the change. Vriddhi, guna, yan, and visarga sandhi are frequent.
- Samasa is a compound; the test often asks for the type and the vigraha-vakya. Do not confuse a samasa with a sandhi split.
- Karak is signalled by case endings and postpositions: karta, karma, karan, sampradan, apadan, adhikaran, sambandh.
- Vachya changes the relation between doer and action: kartri, karm, and bhav vachya.
- Vocabulary items reward context: a muhavara has a fixed figurative meaning, not the literal sum of words.
Worked example
Question: सूर्योदय में कौन-सी संधि है? Reasoning: split it as सूर्य + उदय. The final अ of सूर्य combines with उ of उदय to give ओ. Since अ + उ = ओ, this is guna sandhi. The answer is गुण संधि, not visarga or yan sandhi.
Traps
Do not label every compound as sandhi. In comprehension, an option that repeats a passage line is not always the main idea. Check whether a question asks for a synonym, a literal meaning, or a figurative use. For karak, read the postposition before choosing the label.