Assam ASSEB HSLC Elective Computer Science flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Bit and Byte

A bit is a single binary digit, 0 or 1. A byte is a group of 8 bits and is the basic unit for storing one character in ASCII.

2's Complement

A method of representing negative binary numbers: invert all bits of the number and add 1. It lets subtraction be done by addition.

Hexadecimal Number System

A base-16 number system using digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F, where A equals 10 and F equals 15. It is used as shorthand for binary.

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a 7-bit character code representing 128 characters including letters, digits, and control codes. Extended ASCII uses 8 bits for 256 characters.

Volatile Memory

Memory that loses its contents when power is switched off. RAM is volatile, which is why unsaved work disappears after a power failure.

Control Unit

The CPU component that fetches instructions, decodes them, and directs other units to execute them. It does not perform arithmetic itself.

Compiler vs Interpreter

A compiler translates the entire source program into machine code before execution. An interpreter translates and executes one statement at a time, so errors are reported line by line.

Operating System

System software that manages hardware, memory, files, and processes, and provides the user interface on which application programs run.

File Extension

The part of a file name after the final dot, such as .docx or .xlsx, which tells the operating system which program should open the file.

Recycle Bin

A temporary storage folder in Windows holding deleted files and folders. Items can be restored until the bin is emptied permanently.

Wildcard Characters

In file search, the asterisk (*) matches any number of characters and the question mark (?) matches exactly one character.

Taskbar

The bar, usually at the bottom of the Windows desktop, showing the Start button, open program buttons, and the notification area with clock.

Mail Merge

A word processing feature that combines one main document with a data source, such as a list of names, to produce many personalized copies automatically.

Justified Alignment

Paragraph alignment in which text is spread so that both the left and right margins are straight, adding extra space between words.

Header and Footer

Areas at the top and bottom of each page containing repeated text such as document title, author, date, or page numbers.

Cell Reference

The address of a cell formed by its column letter and row number, such as C7, used in formulas to refer to that cell's contents.

Absolute Reference

A cell reference written with dollar signs, such as $A$1, that does not change when the formula is copied to another cell.

IF Function

A spreadsheet function written as IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false) that returns one result when the condition is met and another when it is not.

#DIV/0! Error

A spreadsheet error shown when a formula divides a number by zero or by an empty cell, since division by zero is undefined.

Slide Transition

The visual effect applied to the change from one slide to the next during a slide show, distinct from animation of objects within a slide.

Slide Master

A special slide that stores the design, fonts, background, and placeholder positions applied to all slides in a presentation.

Speaker Notes

Text added to the notes area of a slide, visible to the presenter but not to the audience during a normal slide show.

DNS

Domain Name System, the internet service that translates human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses computers use.

Bcc Field

Blind carbon copy: recipients listed here receive the email, but their addresses are hidden from all other recipients.

HTTPS

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure, a version of HTTP in which data between browser and website is encrypted, shown by a padlock icon.

Flowchart Decision Symbol

A diamond shape in a flowchart representing a yes/no question or condition that determines which path the program takes next.

Loop

A programming control structure that repeats a set of statements while a condition remains true, or for a fixed number of times.

Variable

A named storage location in a program whose value can be changed during execution, such as a counter or a total.

E-Governance

Delivery of government services and information to citizens through information technology, such as online certificates, tax filing, and land records.

B2C Commerce

Business to Consumer e-commerce, in which a business sells products or services directly to individual customers through a website or app.

Phishing

A fraudulent email, message, or website imitating a trusted organization to trick a user into revealing passwords, OTPs, or card details.

Ransomware

Malicious software that encrypts a user's files or locks the device and demands payment to restore access.

Cyberbullying

Repeated harmful behaviour such as threats, insults, or spreading rumours using digital devices. Evidence should be saved, the sender blocked, and the incident reported.