Grammar (Qawaid): Parts of Speech and Correction
What Qawaid tests
Grammar questions test parts of speech, morphology, sentence structure and correction. Expect ism, fail, harf, sifat and zameer; wahid and jama; muzakkar and muannas; fail ke zamane; jumla ki islah; and muhawara. Correctness matters more than long explanation.
Core rules
- Ism names a person, place, thing or idea. Fail shows action or state. Harf joins words or marks relation.
- Sifat describes an ism; zameer replaces an ism.
- Check jins and number before choosing the verb.
- In transitive perfective sentences, Urdu often uses 'ne' with the subject: 'اس نے کتاب پڑھی'.
- A muhawara works as a unit; do not translate it word by word.
- For tarkeeb, label subject, object and verb before correcting.
Worked example
Correct the sentence: 'اس نے دو کتابیں خریدا.' Reasoning: 'دو کتابیں' is plural and 'کتاب' is muannas, so the verb must agree: 'خریدیں'. Correct form: 'اس نے دو کتابیں خریدیں.' If the object were 'ایک کتاب', the verb would be 'خریدی'. This shows why you check number and gender before correcting.
Traps
- Writing 'خریدا' because the buyer is male; here the verb agrees with the object.
- Dropping 'ne' in a perfective transitive sentence.
- Treating a muhawara as literal speech.
- Fixing only one error when the sentence has two.
- Using English word order in an Urdu jumla.