Assam ASSEB HSLC NSQF Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Apparel

Finished garments worn on the body, produced by cutting and stitching fabric to body measurements; the term covers shirts, trousers, dresses, and similar stitched wearable items.

Made-up article

A stitched textile product that is not a garment, such as bags, aprons, soft toys, or industrial covers; it is usually sold by product type and dimension rather than body size.

Home furnishing products

Textile items used in the home, including bed linen, curtains, cushions, table linen, towels, and rugs. They are grouped by use area: bed, window, floor, bath, and table.

NSQF

National Skills Qualifications Framework, which organises skill levels from 1 to 10 by competence. HSLC vocational apparel courses typically target Levels 2 to 4 job roles.

Cotton fibre

A natural cellulose seed hair that is absorbent, comfortable, and strong when wet. It resists alkalis but is damaged by strong acids and by prolonged sunlight.

Wool fibre

A natural protein fibre with scales and crimp that felts under heat, moisture, and friction. It is damaged by alkalis and bleach but tolerates mild acids.

Silk fibre

A continuous protein filament from the silkworm. Degumming removes the sericin gum, and the fibre loses strength when wet and yellows with sunlight and perspiration.

Polyester fibre

A synthetic fibre that is strong, quick-drying, and thermoplastic. It is heat-sensitive when ironed and oleophilic, so it holds oily stains and needs lower iron temperatures.

Yarn count

A number expressing yarn fineness. In indirect systems such as cotton count, a higher number means a finer yarn; in direct systems such as tex, a higher number means a coarser yarn.

Plain weave

The simplest woven structure, with warp and weft interlacing one over one. It is firm, balanced, and relatively flat, and it is the base for most shirting and sheeting fabrics.

Twill weave

A woven structure producing a diagonal line on the surface, made by passing the weft over two or more warp yarns. It is durable and is used for denim and gabardine.

Single jersey knit

A weft-knitted fabric of interlooped loops on one needle bed. It stretches crosswise, curls at the edges, and is common in T-shirts and light underwear.

Pattern drafting

Making a flat pattern from body measurements using a size chart and standard construction rules, as opposed to draping fabric directly on a dress form.

Dart

A stitched triangular fold that removes excess fabric to shape a garment to body curves. It points toward the bust, waist, or shoulder and must not end exactly at the apex.

Grain line

A marked line on a pattern showing the direction of the warp yarns. It must run parallel to the centre front or back; cutting off-grain causes twisting and seam slippage.

Seam allowance

The extra fabric beyond the stitching line, typically 1 cm on most seams and 2.5 to 4 cm on hems, which allows the seam to be joined and finished.

French seam

A self-enclosed seam made by stitching the wrong sides together, trimming, then stitching again on the right side. It is neat and strong, and suits light fabrics.

Lockstitch machine

A sewing machine that interlocks needle thread with bobbin thread using a rotary hook and take-up lever. It is the most common machine in garment production.

Tension balance

The correct relationship between upper and lower thread tension so the knot sits inside the fabric. Loops underneath mean the upper tension is too loose.

Overlock machine

A machine that trims the fabric edge and overcasts it with three to five threads in one operation. It prevents ravelling and is used for seam neatening on knits and wovens.

Needle size selection

Matching needle size to fabric weight: fine sizes 9 to 11 for light fabric, size 14 for shirting, and sizes 16 to 18 for denim and canvas.

Feed dog

The toothed plate under the presser foot that moves the fabric forward one stitch at a time. Its height and condition affect stitch length and fabric feeding.

Fitted sheet gusset

A corner cut-out and joined seam that creates depth so the sheet wraps the mattress. Depth equals mattress depth plus seam allowance and hem.

Curtain fullness ratio

The ratio of curtain fabric width to rod or track width. Common values are 1.5 to 2.5 times, with higher ratios for sheer fabrics and lower for heavy fabrics.

Cushion cover sizing

The cover is cut to the finished size, while the insert is usually 2 to 5 cm larger so the cushion looks full. Closures include envelope overlap, zip, and button placket.

Tablecloth drop

The length of cloth hanging over the table edge. It is commonly 20 to 30 cm for casual use and 40 cm or floor-length for formal settings.

Kantha embroidery

A traditional running-stitch embroidery from West Bengal, worked on layered cloth to create quilting and decorative patterns, often using old saris.

Chikankari

A white-on-white embroidery tradition from Uttar Pradesh, using fine stitches such as shadow work and satin on light cotton or muslin fabric.

Applique

A surface decoration in which a cut fabric shape is stitched onto a base fabric, usually with blanket or satin stitch along the edge.

Quilting

A layered construction of top fabric, wadding, and backing held together by stitching. Basting before stitching prevents the layers from shifting.

Ergonomic workstation

A workstation adjusted so the chair height lets the feet rest flat and the elbows sit near 90 degrees, with work at elbow height to reduce strain.

Break-even quantity

The number of units a business must sell to cover all costs, calculated as fixed costs divided by selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit.