Hardware Installation, Assembly and Troubleshooting
This domain tests assembling and repairing desktop and laptop hardware in a logical order, plus fault-finding by observation and substitution. The exam favours systematic checks over guessing.
Assembly and startup
Install the CPU and cooler, RAM, motherboard standoffs, power supply, storage, then front-panel and power connectors. Confirm the 24-pin ATX and 4/8-pin CPU power leads are seated. On first power-up, watch fans, listen for POST beeps and check the monitor cable. Enter BIOS/UEFI to confirm detected devices and boot order.
Troubleshooting method
Use a half-split approach: divide the system into blocks and test which half is faulty. Substitute known-good parts, reseat connectors, and check for POST codes or beep patterns. Record what changed before and after each test.
Worked example
A desktop powers on, fans spin, but there is no display. First confirm the monitor is on the correct input and the cable is secure. Reseat the RAM and try one stick at a time. Check the CPU power connector and clear CMOS. If POST beeps indicate a memory error, replace the RAM. This sequence avoids replacing the motherboard before simple faults are eliminated.
Traps that cost marks
Forgetting motherboard standoffs and shorting the board; forcing a connector; ignoring the power supply switch; assuming a blank screen means a failed GPU; not checking the BIOS boot order after installing a new drive.
Exam focus
Know the correct assembly sequence, the meaning of common POST indications, and the difference between a power fault and a display fault.