AP Intermediate Urdu (BIEAP) flashcards
AP Intermediate Urdu (BIEAP) · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Matla
- The opening couplet of a ghazal in which both lines rhyme and carry the radif; it establishes the qafiya and radif pattern for the whole poem.
- Radif
- The repeated word or phrase that closes every couplet of a ghazal after the qafiya; it creates the poem's musical cohesion and must be identical throughout.
- Qafiya
- The rhyming word that immediately precedes the radif in a ghazal couplet; all couplets share the same qafiya sound but different qafiya words.
- Maqta
- The closing couplet of a ghazal, usually containing the poet's takhallus (pen name); it often shifts to a personal or dedicatory address.
- Talmeeh
- A rhetorical device that alludes to a well-known historical, religious or mythological event or figure without narrating it fully, relying on the reader's prior knowledge.
- Husn-e-ta'leel
- Poetic causation: the poet invents an imaginative cause for a real phenomenon, presenting the figurative explanation as if it were the actual reason.
- Ishq-e-haqiqi
- In ghazal convention, love directed toward the divine; it is contrasted with ishq-e-majazi, earthly love, which may serve as a metaphor for the higher love.
- Takhallus
- The pen name a poet adopts and inserts into the maqta couplet of a ghazal; it identifies authorship and often enables a turn to self-address.
- Khaka
- An Urdu prose genre meaning pen-portrait; the writer selects a few defining habits or quirks of a real person to create a dominant impression rather than a full biography.
- Safarnama
- An Urdu travelogue genre recording a journey's observations; it typically moves from description of places and people to reflective commentary comparing foreign and home cultures.
- Tanqidi mazmoon
- A critical essay in Urdu prose that evaluates a literary work, idea or social condition; exam answers must identify the author's judgement and the evidence offered for it.
- Ism-e-masdar
- An Urdu verbal noun derived from a verb root, naming the action itself (for example, likhna, 'writing'); it functions grammatically as a noun, not as a verb.
- Izafat
- An Urdu construction joining two nouns with the short vowel -e- (as in shab-e-hijr, 'night of separation'); the compound acts as a single unit for agreement.
- Muhavara
- An Urdu idiom: a fixed phrase whose meaning is figurative and not derivable from its component words; it requires a verb to complete a sentence.
- Zarb-ul-masal
- An Urdu proverb: a complete, self-standing sentence conveying folk wisdom or a general truth, distinct from an idiom, which is only a phrase.
- Maazi-e-baeed
- The remote past tense in Urdu, formed with the auxiliary tha plus a perfect participle; it marks an action completed well before the narrative present.
- Sifat and mausoof
- In Urdu grammar, sifat is the adjective and mausoof the noun it qualifies; participial adjectives must agree with the mausoof in gender and number.
- Rasmi khat
- A formal Urdu letter addressed to officials or institutions; it uses formal salutations such as Janab-e-Aali and closes with Mukhlis rather than personal endearments.
- Precis length rule
- A precis compresses a passage to roughly one-third of its original length, keeps third person and past tense, supplies a title, and adds no interpretation.
- Mazmooncha
- A short Urdu paragraph built on a single controlling idea; it opens with a topic sentence and closes with a sentence echoing that idea, without digression.
- Darkhwast
- An Urdu written application, usually formal, requesting permission, employment or redress; it follows a fixed salutation, body stating the request, and formal sign-off.
- Ishtihar
- An Urdu public notice or announcement; applied-writing questions expect a heading, a concise body naming date, place and purpose, and a signature line.
- Inference in unseen passage
- A conclusion not stated outright but derivable from a specific sentence; the answer must cite the textual basis and restate it in the candidate's own words.
- Vocabulary in context
- A reading-comprehension item testing the meaning a word carries in the given passage; the correct choice is the contextual sense, often a secondary dictionary meaning.
- Topic-sentence summary method
- A summary technique: locate each paragraph's topic sentence, then compress those sentences into connected prose, avoiding verbatim copying from the passage.
- Wali Dakhani
- A seventeenth-century Deccan poet (1667-1707) credited with simplifying Persianized diction and shifting Urdu poetic centre of gravity toward northern India.
- Aligarh Movement
- A late nineteenth-century reform movement led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, promoting simple Urdu prose, scientific translation and modern education through Tahzib-ul-Akhlaq.
- Progressive Writers' Movement
- An Urdu literary movement founded in 1936 at Lucknow, calling for socially purposeful literature; its poets include Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Majaz and Sardar Jafri.
- Halqa-e-Arbab-e-Zauq
- A Lahore literary circle founded in 1939 in reaction to Progressivism; it favoured symbolism and aesthetic autonomy, with Miraji and N. M. Rashid among its figures.
- Mir Taqi Mir
- An eighteenth-century classical Urdu ghazal poet (1723-1810) of the Delhi school, known for pathos, simplicity of diction and the theme of self-loss in love.
- Mirza Ghalib
- A nineteenth-century Urdu poet (1797-1869) known for philosophical complexity and Persianized diction; his letters are a landmark of Urdu prose.
- Plot frame for non-detailed text
- A three-part answer structure for plot questions: exposition setting the situation, complication naming the central conflict, and resolution identifying the turning point and outcome.