Bihar Police Constable cheat sheet

Article 52 of the Constitution provides for a President of India; elected by an electoral college under Article 54.

Bihar Diwas is celebrated on 22 March, marking the separation of Bihar from Bengal in 1912.

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states, including Bihar (near Gaya).

The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April 1935 and nationalised on 1 January 1949.

NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission on 1 January 2015; the Prime Minister is its Chairperson.

The Nobel Peace Prize 2024 was awarded to Nihon Hidankyo, a Japanese organisation of atomic bomb survivors.

The 2024 Summer Olympics were held in Paris, France; India won six medals (one silver, five bronze).

The Chief Election Commissioner is appointed by the President; the Election Commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.

The G20 Summit 2023 was hosted by India in New Delhi; the African Union was admitted as a permanent member.

Newton's second law: F = ma; SI unit of force is the newton (N), where 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

Ohm's law: V = IR; resistance in series adds (R = R1 + R2), in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2.

Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2, occurring in chloroplasts using chlorophyll.

The pH scale runs 0–14; pH < 7 is acidic, pH > 7 is basic, pH = 7 is neutral at 25 °C.

Human blood has four main groups (A, B, AB, O); O negative is the universal donor, AB positive the universal recipient.

The normal human body temperature is about 37 °C (98.6 °F); blood pressure is measured in mmHg.

The atomic number equals the number of protons; mass number equals protons plus neutrons.

Sound travels faster in solids than in gases; in air at 20 °C its speed is about 343 m/s.

Average = sum of observations ÷ number of observations; if each value is increased by k, the average increases by k.

Percentage change = (new − old) ÷ old × 100; successive changes of a% and b% give net change a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest = P × R × T ÷ 100; compound amount = P(1 + R/100)^T.

Speed = distance ÷ time; to convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18, and m/s to km/h by 18/5.

Work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they finish in xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a : b = c : d, then ad = bc; duplicate ratio of a : b is a² : b².

Area formulas: triangle = ½ × base × height; circle = πr²; rectangle = length × breadth.

Profit or loss percentage is always calculated on cost price: Profit% = (SP − CP) ÷ CP × 100.

Alphabet positions: A = 1, B = 2, …, Z = 26; reverse position of a letter = 27 − its forward position.

In a number series, check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes (1, 4, 9, 16 …) before assuming a pattern.

Blood relations: 'mother's brother' = maternal uncle; 'father's sister' = paternal aunt; 'son's wife' = daughter-in-law.

Direction sense: on turning right from North you face East; each right turn rotates 90° clockwise.

Coding-decoding: if letters shift by a fixed number, apply the same shift to every letter of the word.

Odd-one-out: compare properties such as prime/composite, perfect square, or shared letter count.

Syllogism: 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; only conclusions that hold in every possible diagram are valid.

Calendar: a normal year shifts the day of the week by 1, a leap year by 2; 100 years shift by 5 odd days.

संधि: दो वर्णों के मेल से उत्पन्न विकार संधि कहलाता है; स्वर संधि के पाँच भेद हैं - दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण और अयादि।

समास के छह भेद: अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व और बहुव्रीहि।

उपसर्ग शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है; प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़ता है।

तत्सम शब्द संस्कृत से सीधे आए हैं; तद्भव शब्द संस्कृत से बदलकर हिंदी में प्रचलित हुए हैं।

वाक्य के आठ कारक हैं; कर्ता में 'ने', कर्म में 'को', और संप्रदान में 'के लिए' चिह्न प्रयुक्त होता है।

अलंकार: अनुप्रास में वर्णों की आवृत्ति, उपमा में 'सा/जैसा', और रूपक में अभेद आरोप होता है।

वर्तनी शुद्धि: 'कवि' + 'इंद्र' = 'कवींद्र'; हलंत और अनुस्वार का प्रयोग शब्द के उच्चारण के अनुसार होता है।

मुहावरे का अर्थ शब्दों के शाब्दिक अर्थ से भिन्न होता है, जबकि लोकोक्ति पूर्ण वाक्य के रूप में प्रयुक्त होती है।

Subject-verb agreement: a singular subject takes a singular verb; 'each', 'every' and 'either' are followed by singular verbs.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds, 'the' for specific or unique nouns.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) is used for past actions with present relevance.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes 'be + past participle', and the agent is introduced by 'by'.

Prepositions: 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with a duration; 'between' for two and 'among' for more than two.

Direct to indirect speech: present tense changes to past, and 'this' becomes 'that' when the reporting verb is past.

Synonyms and antonyms are tested by context; choose the option that fits the sentence grammatically and semantically.

Idioms carry figurative meaning: 'a piece of cake' means something very easy, not an actual cake.

Bihar shares boundaries with Nepal (north), West Bengal (east), Jharkhand (south) and Uttar Pradesh (west).

The Ganges divides Bihar into north and south; the Gandak, Kosi, Son and Bagmati are major rivers.

Patna, ancient Pataliputra, was the capital of the Maurya and Gupta empires and of the Magadha kingdom.

Bihar's state animal is the gaur, state bird the house sparrow, and state tree the peepal.

Nalanda and Vikramshila were ancient centres of Buddhist learning; Bodh Gaya is where the Buddha attained enlightenment.

Bihar has 38 districts; the state legislature is bicameral with the Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad.

Madhubani painting, also called Mithila painting, is a traditional folk art of the Mithila region.

Chhath Puja, dedicated to the Sun god, is the most prominent festival of Bihar and is celebrated twice a year.

The Kosi river is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar' because of its frequent course changes and floods.