BPSC AE flashcards
BPSC AE · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Article 32
- The right to constitutional remedies, allowing a citizen to move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights; Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.
- Repo rate
- The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities; raising it typically tightens liquidity and cools inflation.
- Tropic of Cancer
- The latitude 23.5 degrees north that passes through eight Indian states, from Gujarat in the west to Mizoram in the east, marking the northern limit of the tropics.
- Hooke's law
- Within the elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain; the constant of proportionality is the modulus of elasticity, usually denoted E.
- First law of thermodynamics
- Energy is conserved: heat supplied to a closed system equals the change in internal energy plus the work done by the system, written dQ = dU + dW.
- Carnot efficiency
- The maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between hot and cold reservoirs, equal to 1 minus the ratio of cold to hot absolute temperatures.
- Poisson's ratio
- The negative ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain when a material is stretched; typical values for metals lie between 0.25 and 0.35.
- Limit state method
- A design approach in reinforced concrete using partial safety factors on loads and material strengths, ensuring collapse and serviceability limits are not exceeded.
- Terzaghi bearing capacity
- Ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow strip footing equals cohesion term plus surcharge term plus a term proportional to footing width and soil unit weight.
- Manning's equation
- An empirical formula for open-channel velocity: V equals one over Manning's roughness n, times hydraulic radius to the two-thirds power, times square root of slope.
- BOD versus COD
- BOD measures oxygen used by microbes over five days at 20 degrees Celsius; COD measures chemical oxidation and is always higher than BOD for the same sample.
- Height of instrument method
- A levelling technique where the reduced level of the instrument station plus the backsight gives the instrument height, from which foresight readings yield other reduced levels.
- Grashof's condition
- In a four-bar linkage, continuous relative rotation of two links requires the shortest plus longest link to be less than or equal to the sum of the other two.
- Fourier's law of conduction
- Heat conduction rate equals negative thermal conductivity times area times the temperature gradient; the negative sign shows heat flows from hot to cold.
- Torsion formula
- For a circular shaft, shear stress divided by radius equals torque divided by polar moment of inertia, which also equals shear modulus times angle of twist per unit length.
- Slip in induction motor
- The fractional difference between synchronous speed and actual rotor speed, expressed as (Ns minus Nr) divided by Ns; rotor frequency equals slip times supply frequency.
- Thevenin's theorem
- Any linear two-terminal network can be replaced by a single voltage source equal to the open-circuit voltage in series with the equivalent resistance seen from the terminals.
- Per-unit system
- A method of expressing electrical quantities as ratios to chosen base values, simplifying transformer and power-system calculations by removing turns ratios from equations.
- Transformer EMF equation
- Induced EMF in a winding equals 4.44 times frequency times number of turns times peak flux, derived from Faraday's law assuming sinusoidal flux.
- Harmonic mean speed
- For equal distances covered at speeds a and b, the average speed is 2ab divided by (a plus b), which is lower than the arithmetic mean.
- HCF and LCM product rule
- For any two positive integers, the product of the numbers equals the product of their highest common factor and lowest common multiple.
- Clock hand gain
- The minute hand moves at 6 degrees per minute and the hour hand at 0.5 degrees per minute, so the minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand.
- स्वर संधि
- जब दो स्वर वर्ण मिलकर एक नया रूप बनाते हैं तो उसे स्वर संधि कहते हैं, जैसे विद्या और आलय मिलकर विद्यालय हो जाता है।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- जिस समास में कोई भी पद प्रधान न होकर दोनों मिलकर किसी तीसरे अर्थ का बोध कराएँ, उसे बहुव्रीहि समास कहते हैं, जैसे दशानन।
- उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय
- उपसर्ग शब्द के पहले लगकर अर्थ बदलता है, जैसे अनु और प्र; प्रत्यय शब्द के बाद लगकर नया शब्द बनाता है, जैसे ता और त्व।
- अर्थालंकार
- जिन अलंकारों में शब्दों के अर्थ में चमत्कार उत्पन्न होता है, उन्हें अर्थालंकार कहते हैं; उपमा, रूपक और उत्प्रेक्षा इसके प्रमुख भेद हैं।
- Gerund
- A verb form ending in -ing that acts as a noun, such as swimming in the sentence swimming is good exercise; it can serve as subject or object.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person; indefinite pronouns like each and everyone take singular verbs, while either-or agrees with the nearer subject.
- Direct to indirect speech
- Reported speech shifts present tenses to past, changes today to that day, and converts will to would when the reporting verb is in the past tense.
- Blood relation reasoning
- A technique of drawing a family tree with generations on vertical levels and siblings or spouses on horizontal levels, marking gender, to trace relationships accurately.
- Permutation versus combination
- A permutation counts ordered arrangements using n factorial over (n minus r) factorial; a combination counts unordered selections and divides by r factorial additionally.
- Coding-decoding shift
- A reasoning pattern where each letter of a word is moved by a fixed number of places in the alphabet, applied consistently to encode or decode the target word.