Odisha BSE Madhyama Social Science cheat sheet
Odisha BSE Madhyama Social Science · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Social Science - Odisha BSE Madhyama
Indian Constitution: adopted 26 November 1949, came into force 26 January 1950; Dr B. R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee.
Fundamental Rights occupy Part III (Articles 12–35); Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) in Part IVA, Article 51A.
Directive Principles of State Policy sit in Part IV (Articles 36–51) and are non-justiciable, unlike Fundamental Rights.
Three tiers of government after the 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992–93): Union, State, and local bodies (Panchayats and Municipalities).
Odisha was constituted as a separate province on 1 April 1936; it became a state of the Indian Union in 1950.
Indian Parliament = President + Rajya Sabha (max 250) + Lok Sabha (max 552); Money Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
Latitude and longitude: 1° of latitude ≈ 111 km everywhere; 1° of longitude shrinks toward the poles as 111 km × cos(latitude).
Monsoon mechanism: differential heating of land and sea plus the ITCZ shift; the southwest monsoon reaches Kerala around 1 June and Odisha usually by mid-June.