Haryana BSEH Secondary Animal Husbandry flashcards
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- Murrah buffalo
- Premier Indian buffalo breed originating in Haryana's Rohtak, Hisar and Jind tracts; black coat with white switch, curled horns, lactation yield about 1500-2500 kg and milk fat about 6.5-7%.
- Hariana cattle
- Dual-purpose zebu cattle breed of Haryana with white to grey coat and compact body; gives about 1000-1500 kg milk per lactation and is valued for draught work and crossbreeding.
- Hissardale sheep
- Fine-wool sheep breed developed at Hisar by crossing Bikaneri ewes with Australian Merino rams; used to improve wool quality in north Indian flocks.
- Beetal goat
- Large dairy goat breed of Punjab and Haryana with red-brown coat and black patches, long pendulous ears; yields about 2-3 kg milk daily and is fairly prolific.
- Balanced ration
- A feed mixture that supplies all required nutrients in the correct proportion and quantity for 24 hours, meeting maintenance and production needs of the animal.
- Urea molasses mineral block
- Supplementary lick made of urea, molasses, minerals and a binder; supplies nitrogen and energy to straw-fed animals and must be introduced gradually to prevent ammonia toxicity.
- Loose housing system
- Housing where animals move freely in an open paddock with a covered shed and shared feed and water areas; cheaper than barns and recommended for dairy herds.
- Colostrum feeding
- First milk given to a newborn calf within 1-2 hours of birth, about 10% of body weight in the first day, to supply immunoglobulins and protect against infection.
- Haemorrhagic septicaemia
- Acute bacterial disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, with high fever and swelling of the throat and neck, often fatal within 24-48 hours; prevented by annual pre-monsoon vaccination.
- California Mastitis Test
- A rapid cow-side test in which a reagent is mixed with milk from each quarter; gel formation indicates increased somatic cells and subclinical mastitis.
- AM-PM breeding rule
- Insemination guideline: animals seen in heat in the morning are inseminated in the afternoon, and those seen in heat in the evening are inseminated the next morning.
- Gestation period of buffalo
- About 305-310 days from service to calving in buffalo, compared with about 280-285 days in cattle; useful for calculating expected calving dates.
- Phosphatase test
- Test that confirms effective pasteurisation; the enzyme phosphatase is destroyed by adequate heating, so its absence indicates properly pasteurised milk.
- Reichert-Meissl value
- A measure of volatile fatty acids in ghee, used as an index of purity; genuine cow or buffalo ghee gives a characteristic RM value, and adulteration lowers it.
- Brooding temperature
- About 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) in the first week for chicks, reduced by roughly 5 degrees Fahrenheit weekly until ambient temperature is reached.
- Feed conversion ratio
- Kilograms of feed consumed per kilogram of live weight gain or per dozen eggs; a lower FCR means better feed efficiency and profitability.
- Diffusion of innovations
- Extension model classifying adopters as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards, explaining how new farm practices spread through a community.
- Kisan Credit Card for dairy
- Institutional credit facility extended to dairy and fisheries, providing short-term working capital for feed, fodder and animal upkeep with simplified documentation.
- Nili-Ravi buffalo
- Riverine buffalo breed of Punjab with black coat and white face and leg markings, wall eyes and high-fat milk; suited to canal-irrigated areas.
- Sahiwal cattle
- Red-brown milch zebu breed of Punjab with loose skin and heavy dewlap; considered the best indigenous cattle for hot climates, producing high-fat milk.
- Jamunapari goat
- Tall white dairy goat breed of Uttar Pradesh with long ears and Roman nose; high milk yield but low prolificacy, used for upgrading local goats.
- Kadaknath poultry
- Indigenous Indian chicken breed from Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, known for black plumage and black meat; valued for its meat quality and hardiness.
- Total digestible nutrients
- Energy measure of feed expressed as TDN; maintenance need of a dairy animal is roughly 1 kg TDN per 100 kg body weight per day.
- Bypass protein
- Protein source protected from rumen degradation so it reaches the small intestine intact; improves amino acid supply in high-yielding dairy animals.
- Calf disbudding
- Removal of horn buds in calves at about 2-4 weeks of age using a hot iron or caustic paste, reducing injury risk to herd mates and handlers.
- Milk fever
- Hypocalcaemia around calving causing recumbency, cold extremities and lowered head; treated by slow intravenous calcium borogluconate under veterinary supervision.
- Black quarter
- Clostridial disease of young cattle causing crepitating muscle swellings and sudden death; controlled by annual vaccination before the rainy season.
- Silent heat in buffalo
- Weak or inapparent signs of oestrus common in buffalo, making heat detection difficult; managed with teaser bulls, pedometers and heat-detection patches.
- Artificial insemination
- Breeding technique placing processed semen into the female reproductive tract; frozen semen is stored at -196 degrees Celsius in liquid nitrogen.
- Specific gravity of milk
- Density relative to water, about 1.028-1.030 for cow milk and 1.030-1.032 for buffalo milk; added water lowers the value and indicates adulteration.
- Methylene blue reduction test
- Bacteriological quality test in which milk decolourises methylene blue; faster decolourisation indicates a higher bacterial load and poorer keeping quality.
- Newcastle disease vaccination
- Ranikhet disease control in poultry using F1 or LaSota vaccine at 5-7 days and again around 28 days, with later boosters depending on local risk.
- Piggery gestation length
- About 114 days in pigs; with litter size of 8-12 and weaning at 6-8 weeks, this sets the farrowing schedule for a pig enterprise.
- Capital subsidy for dairy units
- Government support under schemes such as DEDS and the National Livestock Mission, typically 25% for general and 33% for SC, ST and women beneficiaries.
- Farmer producer organisation
- Collective of farmers registered as a company or cooperative to improve input purchase, bargaining power and marketing of milk and meat.