Haryana BSEH Secondary NSQF Agriculture study plan

List and define the stages of crop production (land preparation, sowing, manuring, irrigation, weeding, harvesting, storage) for the major Haryana crops: wheat, paddy, mustard, cotton, and sugarcane.

Explain the role of soil texture, structure, pH, and organic matter in crop growth, and describe how to collect a representative soil sample for testing.

Describe the principles of crop rotation, mixed cropping, and intercropping, and give one local example of each.

Identify the main soil types of Haryana (alluvial, sandy, clayey, saline-alkaline) and their suitability for common crops.

Explain the methods and timing of applying chemical fertilizers (basal vs. top dressing) and organic manures (FYM, compost, green manure) for wheat and paddy.

Describe the causes, symptoms, and management of soil salinity and alkalinity, including gypsum application and drainage.

Outline the steps of land preparation and seed treatment for major crops, including seed rate and spacing.

Summarize post-harvest handling and storage practices to reduce losses for grains and pulses.

Classify horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables, flowers) and list common Haryana crops in each group with their seasons (kharif, rabi, zaid).

Describe the steps of raising a vegetable nursery, including bed preparation, sowing, and transplanting.

Explain the principles of pruning, training, and grafting for fruit trees, and describe one common propagation method (cutting or layering).

Describe how agriculture interacts with the environment: soil erosion, water pollution from fertilizers/pesticides, and deforestation, and suggest one mitigation for each.

Identify major insect pests of wheat, paddy, cotton, and vegetables (e.g., aphids, stem borer, bollworm, whitefly) and describe their damage symptoms.

Identify major diseases of these crops (e.g., rust, blight, wilt, powdery mildew) and their causal agents (fungus, bacterium, virus).

Explain the steps of Integrated Pest Management (IPM): monitoring, cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control, and when each is appropriate.

Describe safe handling, storage, and application of pesticides, including reading labels and following waiting periods.

Explain the effects of pesticide misuse on the environment and human health, and the concept of pesticide residue.

Identify and state the use of common farm tools and implements (khurpi, spade, plough, cultivator, seed drill, sprayer, harvester) and describe their maintenance.

Explain the working of a tractor and its major parts, and describe the selection of implements for primary and secondary tillage.

Describe irrigation methods (flood, furrow, sprinkler, drip) and their suitability for different crops and soil types.

Explain the concept of irrigation scheduling based on crop water requirement and critical stages of irrigation for wheat, paddy, and mustard.

Describe water conservation practices such as laser land leveling, mulching, and rainwater harvesting.

Identify common breeds of cattle and buffalo in Haryana (e.g., Murrah, Sahiwal, Hariana) and describe their characteristics.

Explain the principles of balanced ration for livestock, including green fodder, dry fodder, and concentrates, and the importance of clean water.

Describe the signs of common livestock diseases (e.g., foot-and-mouth disease, mastitis) and the importance of vaccination and hygiene.

Explain the steps of clean milk production and the importance of dairy hygiene.

Describe basic agricultural marketing concepts: market channels, APMC mandis, minimum support price (MSP), and e-NAM.

Calculate the cost of cultivation for one crop, including input costs, labor, and machinery, and determine gross and net income.

Explain the role of cooperatives, farmer producer organizations (FPOs), and self-help groups in marketing and credit.

Identify occupational hazards in agriculture (machinery, pesticides, heat, dust, animals) and describe preventive measures.

Explain the importance of personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe practices during spraying and machinery operation.

Describe the steps to start a small agri-enterprise (e.g., nursery, vermicompost, food processing) including idea generation, market survey, and basic record keeping.

Review and summarize key concepts from crop production, plant protection, and horticulture using a self-made mind map.

Solve 50 practice questions covering the three domains and analyze mistakes.

Revisit weak areas identified from practice and re-explain them in your own words.

Take a timed 30-question mock test covering all domains and score at least 70%.