BSEH SS Geography flashcards
BSEH SS Geography · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Human geography
- The branch of geography that studies the spatial organisation of human activities and how societies interact with and modify their physical environment.
- Population density
- The number of persons per unit area, usually per square kilometre, obtained by dividing total population by total land area of a region.
- Physiological density
- Population divided by the area of cultivable land, showing how many people each unit of farmland must support in a region.
- Rule of 70
- A shortcut estimating doubling time of a population: divide 70 by the annual percentage growth rate to get approximate years required to double.
- Demographic transition
- A model describing population change through stages, from high birth and death rates to low ones, as societies industrialise and develop.
- Push and pull factors
- Conditions that drive people away from a place, such as unemployment or conflict, versus conditions that attract them, such as jobs and services.
- Site and situation
- Site is the local physical setting of a settlement; situation is its position relative to surrounding features such as rivers, routes and other towns.
- Von Thünen model
- A land-use model in which farming intensity decreases with distance from market because transport costs rise, producing concentric agricultural rings.
- Sector classification
- Grouping economic activities into primary extraction, secondary manufacturing, tertiary services, quaternary knowledge work and quinary high-level decision making.
- Sex ratio India
- The number of females per 1,000 males; India's 2011 Census recorded 943, with Kerala highest among major states and Haryana low.
- India literacy 2011
- The proportion of population aged seven and above who can read and write; the 2011 figure was about 74 per cent, with a male-female gap.
- Demographic dividend
- Economic advantage gained when a country's working-age population is large relative to dependents, raising potential output if jobs are available.
- Dependency ratio
- The number of dependents, usually children and elderly, per 100 working-age persons, computed as dependent population divided by working-age population times 100.
- Sectoral shift India
- The pattern in which the primary sector's share of output and employment declines while services expand, though agriculture still employs the largest workforce.
- Rice and wheat belts
- Rice dominates high-rainfall eastern and coastal India; wheat dominates the relatively dry Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh plains.
- Cotton belt
- The Deccan black-soil region, especially Maharashtra, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, where moisture-retentive regur soil suits cotton cultivation.
- Tea plantations
- Crop grown on well-drained slopes with heavy rainfall, notably Assam, Darjeeling and the Nilgiris, requiring abundant cheap labour for plucking.
- Chotanagpur region
- An eastern India industrial cluster in Jharkhand and adjoining areas, favoured by nearby iron ore, coal, limestone and water for steel plants.
- Golden Quadrilateral
- A highway network linking Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata, forming the core of India's upgraded national highway system for freight movement.
- NH-44
- India's longest national highway, running from Srinagar in the north through Delhi and Hyderabad towards Kanniyakumari in the south.
- Urbanisation level
- The share of a region's population living in urban areas, calculated as urban population divided by total population multiplied by 100.
- Million-plus cities
- Urban agglomerations whose population exceeds one million; their number in India grew rapidly after the 1991 economic reforms.
- Representative fraction
- A map scale expressed as a ratio such as 1:50,000, meaning one unit on the map equals 50,000 of the same units on the ground.
- Graphical scale
- A drawn bar on a map divided into graduated units that remains valid if the map is photographically enlarged or reduced.
- Large-scale map
- A map with a small denominator in its scale, such as 1:10,000, covering a small area and showing fine detail clearly.
- Contour lines
- Lines joining points of equal elevation above sea level; their spacing shows slope steepness and their shape reveals landforms.
- Contour spacing rule
- Closely spaced contours indicate a steep slope, widely spaced contours a gentle slope, and evenly spaced contours a uniform gradient.
- Cross-section profile
- A side-view graph of terrain along a line, made by plotting elevation from contour intersections against horizontal distance.
- Pie chart use
- A circle divided into sectors where each category's share equals its percentage of the total multiplied by 3.6 degrees.
- Mean median mode
- Three measures of central tendency: arithmetic average, middle value of ordered data, and the most frequently occurring value respectively.
- Remote sensing
- Acquiring information about Earth's surface from sensors, usually on satellites, by recording reflected or emitted electromagnetic radiation.
- GIS layers
- A geographic information system stores spatial data as stacked thematic layers that can be combined and analysed to answer locational questions.