CAPF ASI Stenographer key terms

A question type that presents a pair of words with a fixed logical link and asks you to pick another pair sharing the same link, such as part-to-whole, cause-to-effect, or worker-to-tool.

A reasoning task where four or five items are given and one does not share the common property or category of the rest, so it must be identified and removed.

A question requiring you to find the rule governing a sequence of numbers, letters, or figures and then supply the missing or next element of that sequence.

A puzzle in which words or letters are converted into a code by a stated or hidden rule, and you must either encode a new word or decode a given coded word.

Reasoning problems built on family relationships, often given as a chain of statements or a symbolic expression, where you must work out how two named people are related.

A reasoning topic about a person moving along compass directions, sometimes turning left or right, where you must find the final position, net displacement, or facing direction.

A puzzle giving clues about where people sit in a row or around a table, which you must place correctly while satisfying every stated condition about neighbours and positions.

A form of deductive reasoning using two or more premises with terms like all, some, and none, from which you decide which conclusions necessarily follow from the premises.

A diagram of overlapping circles used to show how sets relate, widely applied in reasoning to test whether a syllogistic conclusion is valid or to count people in overlapping categories.

A sequence of numbers generated by a rule such as constant difference, ratio, squares, or alternating patterns, in which you must identify the rule and find the missing term.

Non-verbal reasoning tasks where a figure or word is reflected in a vertical mirror or in water, and you must choose the option showing the correct reflected form.

A non-verbal reasoning question in which a sheet is folded, sometimes punched or cut, and then unfolded, and you must identify the pattern of holes or cuts that results.

A perception task where a simple shape is hidden inside a more complex drawing, and you must locate the option in which that simple shape actually appears.

A non-verbal question asking how many triangles, squares, or straight lines appear in a given composite diagram, testing careful systematic counting rather than estimation.

A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a fixed number, called the common difference, to the previous term, as in 3, 7, 11, 15.

A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the previous term by a fixed non-zero number called the common ratio, as in 2, 6, 18, 54.

A way of expressing a quantity as a fraction of one hundred, used to compare change, discounts, marks, and population shifts, and converted by dividing by 100.

Commercial arithmetic in which cost price, selling price, profit or loss, and percentage profit or loss are related, including cases where a marked price is discounted before sale.

Two methods of computing interest on a principal: simple interest is charged only on the original sum, while compound interest is charged on the sum plus accumulated interest.

A comparison of two quantities of the same kind by division, and an equation stating that two such comparisons are equal, used to divide amounts and scale recipes or maps.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values, also called the arithmetic mean, useful for finding totals, missing values, and combined averages of groups.

The relationship that distance equals speed multiplied by time, applied to problems involving trains, boats, relative motion, and conversion between kilometres per hour and metres per second.

Problems about the rate at which individuals or groups complete a task, where work done in one day is treated as a fraction and combined rates give the total time taken.

A variation of time-and-work problems in which inlet pipes fill a tank and outlet pipes empty it, and rates are added or subtracted to find the net filling time.

A motion problem where a boat's speed in still water is aided by the current downstream and opposed upstream, so downstream speed is the sum and upstream speed the difference.

A business arithmetic topic where profit is shared in proportion to each partner's capital multiplied by the period it was invested, not simply by the capital amount.

A counting rule stating that the size of a union of two sets equals the sum of their sizes minus the size of their overlap, extended by alternating additions and subtractions for more sets.

Counting methods where permutation counts ordered arrangements of selected items and combination counts unordered selections, distinguished by whether the order of choice matters.

A measure between zero and one of how likely an event is, found for equally likely outcomes by dividing the number of favourable outcomes by the total number of outcomes.

The measurement of lengths, areas, and volumes of plane figures and solids such as triangles, circles, cylinders, and spheres, using standard formulae and unit conversions.

The basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, including equality, speech, life and liberty, and constitutional remedies enforceable through writs.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Indian Constitution directing the state towards social and economic welfare; they are not enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance.

The opening statement of the Indian Constitution declaring the source of authority as the people and stating the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

The power of the Supreme Court and High Courts under Articles 32 and 226 to issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, and quo warranto for enforcing rights.

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent units, each exercising its own defined powers as set out in the constitution.

The system of local self-government in rural India established by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, with elected bodies at village, block, and district levels.

A seasonal reversal of wind direction that brings heavy rainfall to the Indian subcontinent, governing agriculture and water availability across most of the country.

An intense low-pressure storm system forming over warm tropical oceans, with strong rotating winds, heavy rain, and storm surges that cause severe coastal damage.

A period of sharply increased food-grain output in India from the late 1960s, driven by high-yielding seed varieties, fertilisers, irrigation, and expanded credit.

A list in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution setting out obligations of citizens, such as respecting the Constitution and protecting the environment; added by the 42nd Amendment.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same context, tested in vocabulary questions asking you to choose the closest equivalent.

A word that expresses the opposite meaning of another word, such as scarce for abundant, tested by asking you to identify the most nearly opposite option.

A word that shares spelling or pronunciation with another word but has a different meaning, such as bank for a river edge and bank as a financial institution.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as to bury the hatchet meaning to end a quarrel and make peace.

A vocabulary item asking for a single word that replaces a whole descriptive phrase, such as a person who speaks many languages being called multilingual.

A grammar question in which a sentence is divided into parts and you must identify the part containing a grammatical mistake in agreement, tense, preposition, or article use.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, so singular subjects take singular verbs even when intervening phrases or collective nouns complicate the sentence.

A question type presenting a sentence with an underlined portion and four replacements, from which you choose the option that makes the sentence grammatically correct and clear.

Two ways of presenting the same action: active voice makes the doer the subject, while passive voice makes the receiver the subject and uses a form of be with the past participle.

Two ways of reporting speech: direct speech quotes the exact words in quotation marks, while indirect speech reports them without quotes and shifts tense and pronouns accordingly.

A passage followed by questions testing whether you can identify the main idea, infer meaning, understand vocabulary in context, and judge the author's tone or purpose.

A passage with words or phrases removed at intervals, where you must choose the option that best restores meaning and grammatical coherence to the whole text.

A set of sentences given in scrambled order that you must rearrange into a logical, coherent paragraph using linking words, pronoun reference, and the flow of ideas.