CBSE Junior Assistant flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Negative marking rate

One-fourth of the marks allotted to a question is deducted for each incorrect response in the objective papers. Unattempted questions score zero, so random guessing is only worthwhile when the chance of being correct exceeds 25 percent.

Article 32 writ jurisdiction

Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Article 226 gives High Courts similar but wider powers, including for other legal rights.

Fundamental Duties status

Article 51A lists eleven Fundamental Duties added by the 42nd Amendment on the Swaran Singh Committee's recommendation. They are moral obligations and are not directly enforceable by courts, unlike Fundamental Rights.

Directive Principles enforceability

Articles 36 to 51 contain Directive Principles of State Policy. They are fundamental in governance but non-justiciable, meaning courts cannot compel the State to implement them; they guide legislation and policy instead.

Successive percentage formula

Two successive changes of a percent and b percent produce a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A 20 percent rise followed by a 10 percent fall therefore gives 20 - 10 - 200/100 = 8 percent net increase.

Expenditure-constant price rule

If the price of a commodity rises by r percent, consumption must be cut by 100r/(100+r) percent to keep total expenditure unchanged. A 25 percent price rise requires a 20 percent reduction in quantity consumed.

Compound interest formula

Compound amount equals P multiplied by (1 + R/100) raised to the power T, where P is principal, R the annual rate and T the number of years. Compound interest is the amount minus the principal P.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals P x R x T / 100, where P is principal, R the annual rate percent, and T the time in years. Interest is charged only on the original principal, never on accrued interest.

Syllogism validity rule

In syllogism questions, a conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible diagram consistent with the premises. Real-world knowledge must be ignored; the answer depends purely on set relationships.

Blood relation coded puzzles

Solve by drawing a family tree using standard symbols: plus for same generation, vertical lines for parent-child, and horizontal double lines for marriage. Work from the innermost bracket outward when expressions are nested.

Preamble key words

The Preamble declares India a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic and lists justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as objectives. The words socialist, secular and integrity were inserted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

Average speed rule

For equal distances travelled at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy/(x+y), the harmonic mean, not the arithmetic mean. For equal times, the simple arithmetic average of the speeds applies instead.

Time and work identity

If A alone finishes work in a days and B in b days, together they finish it in ab/(a+b) days. Work rates add: one day's combined work equals 1/a plus 1/b of the total.

Error spotting priorities

Check subject-verb agreement, preposition choice, article usage, tense consistency and pronoun reference in that order. Most error-spotting items in clerical exams turn on one of these five grammar points.

Active to passive conversion

Move the object to subject position, use the correct form of be plus the past participle of the main verb, and place the original subject after by. Tense and number of the auxiliary must match the original.

One-word substitution examples

A person who talks too much is garrulous; one who cannot be corrected is incorrigible; a remedy for all diseases is a panacea; a government by the rich is a plutocracy. Memorise these high-frequency pairs.

Data interpretation approach

Read the axis labels and units first, note whether figures are absolute or percentage, then compute only the required value. Approximate large numbers to two significant figures to save time in objective papers.

Current affairs window

General Awareness current affairs usually cover the 6 to 12 months before the exam date, focusing on national appointments, schemes, sports events, awards, budget highlights and international summits. Revise monthly compilations rather than daily news.

Typing test qualifying nature

The Tier-2 typing test is pass or fail and does not add to the merit score. However, failing it cancels the candidate's selection even with high Tier-1 marks, so it must be cleared mandatorily.

English typing speed norm

Clerical-level posts typically require about 30 words per minute in English on a computer. The passage is typed for roughly 10 minutes, and the speed is measured on correct words only.

Hindi typing speed norm

The usual Hindi requirement is about 25 words per minute on a computer, lower than the English norm because of the script's character density. The exact figure is fixed by the recruitment notice.

Word count convention

In typing tests a word is conventionally five keystrokes including spaces. Gross speed therefore equals total characters typed divided by five, then divided by the number of minutes elapsed.

Net speed calculation

Net speed equals gross speed minus the penalty for errors, usually one word deducted per mistake or computed on correct words alone. Recruitment rules generally assess net speed, not gross keystrokes.

Accuracy percentage formula

Accuracy equals correct words divided by total words typed, multiplied by 100. Most recruitment rules demand 90 to 95 percent accuracy alongside the minimum speed, so errors are more costly than slowness.

Backspace permission

Backspace and delete are normally enabled during the skill test, allowing correction of errors. Copy-paste, spell-check and external help remain disabled; the passage must be completed within the fixed duration.

Remington GAIL layout

Remington GAIL is a standard Hindi typewriter layout used in many government skill tests. It differs from Inscript and from phonetic transliteration keyboards, so candidates must practise the layout named in the advertisement.

Inscript keyboard layout

Inscript is the standard Indian-script keyboard layout for Devanagari and other scripts. It maps characters scientifically across the keyboard and is often offered as an alternative to Remington GAIL in Hindi typing tests.

Touch typing home row

The home row places fingers on ASDF for the left hand and JKL; for the right, with thumbs on the space bar. Returning fingers to this row after each keystroke builds speed and reduces errors.

Common typing error pairs

Frequent confusions include b with v, i with l, m with n, and digits with their shifted symbols. Transposed adjacent letters and missing spaces after punctuation are the errors that most reduce net speed.

Tier-2 negative marking

Objective papers in Tier-2 carry the same one-fourth negative marking as Tier-1 unless the notice states otherwise. The typing skill test itself is graded pass or fail and carries no marks.

Incomplete passage penalty

If the passage is not completed within the allotted time, only the typed portion counts toward the word total. Effective speed therefore falls, which is why steady uniform typing beats fast bursts with long pauses.

Skill test language choice

Candidates usually choose English or Hindi for the typing test when submitting the application. The choice is generally final, and the speed norm and keyboard layout depend on the language selected.