CHSE Odisha Elective Biology study plan

Draw and label a complete human digestive tract and map each region to its secreted enzymes and absorption products

Trace blood flow through the heart chambers, valves, and both circuits, then explain how the cardiac cycle produces systole and diastole on a pressure-volume sketch

Compare the four blood groups and describe the antigen-antibody basis of a transfusion reaction

Sketch the nephron in order and state where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur and which hormone acts at each site

Describe the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction and contrast the three muscle tissue types by structure and control

Explain how the resting membrane potential is established and how an action potential is generated and propagated along a myelinated axon

Label the human brain's major regions and match each to a function, then describe the reflex arc from receptor to effector

Build a table of the major endocrine glands listing hormone, target organ, and effect, plus one disorder of excess and one of deficiency per gland

Compare the light reactions and the Calvin cycle in terms of location, inputs, outputs, and energy carriers involved

Describe the stages of mitosis with the key event of each and contrast mitotic and meiotic chromosome behaviour

Solve monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and predict phenotype ratios, including a test cross and a codominance case

Explain the chromosomal basis of sex determination and solve a sex-linked inheritance pedigree

Describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment and state the evidence it provides for semi-conservative replication

Outline the steps of transcription and translation, naming the enzymes and the role of each RNA class

Classify representative organisms into their kingdoms and phyla using defining features rather than names alone

Explain water and mineral transport in plants, distinguishing apoplastic from symplastic routes and describing the role of root pressure and transpiration pull

Describe the light-dependent and light-independent reactions with their exact sites inside the chloroplast and the fate of ATP and NADPH

Compare aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation by location, ATP yield, and end products

Distinguish the plant growth regulators by their promoting or inhibiting effects and give one practical application of each

Describe the internal anatomy of a dicot root, stem, and leaf and relate each tissue to its transport or support function

Trace the events of microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis from sporogenous tissue to a mature embryo sac

Describe double fertilization and the fate of every product of fertilization in a flowering plant

Outline the human menstrual cycle with the hormonal changes driving each phase and the timing of ovulation

Explain the mechanisms of reproductive isolation and the evidence supporting common descent from comparative anatomy and molecular data

Describe natural selection, genetic drift, and founder effect with a worked example distinguishing their effects on allele frequencies

Explain the causes, transmission, and prevention of at least four named human diseases, distinguishing pathogen type for each

Describe how microbes are used in food and industrial production and outline the steps of sewage treatment

Explain the principles of recombinant DNA technology, naming the enzymes and the role of vectors and selectable markers

Give three applications of biotechnology in medicine and agriculture, and state one biosafety or ethical concern for each

Describe energy flow and nutrient cycling in an ecosystem and explain the species-area relationship and the main threats to biodiversity

Reconstruct the classification hierarchy from kingdom to species and apply it to five named organisms

Describe animal tissue types by structure and function and relate each to an organ system already studied

Re-explain the respiratory mechanism of humans from ventilation through gas exchange and transport, without notes

Compare open and closed circulatory systems and relate each to the organism's metabolic demand

Identify and correct the weakest three areas flagged by earlier self-tests

Summarize cell structure, biomolecule classes, and the cell cycle on a single revision sheet from memory

Recite the inputs, outputs, and sites of photosynthesis and respiration and the hormonal control of plant growth

Explain plant and human reproduction end to end in a timed 10-minute spoken run-through

Solve one genetics and one molecular biology problem under timed conditions

Complete two full-length timed mock papers and analyse every error by domain