CHSE Odisha Elective Biotechnology study plan

Draw and label the full workflow of recombinant DNA technology from restriction digestion to clone selection, naming each enzyme class used at each step

Compare Type II restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, alkaline phosphatase and polynucleotide kinase by substrate, product and purpose in cloning

Distinguish plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, BACs and expression vectors by insert capacity, copy number and selection markers

Explain transformation, transfection and electroporation, and describe blue-white and antibiotic selection screens

Recite the central dogma and list the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication initiation and elongation

Describe PCR components, thermal cycling stages and primer design rules, then calculate annealing temperature for a given primer pair

Differentiate conventional PCR, RT-PCR, qPCR and site-directed mutagenesis by application and readout

Explain Southern, Northern and Western blotting by what each detects and the probe or antibody used

Outline Sanger dideoxy sequencing and contrast it with next-generation sequencing by throughput and read length

Summarize transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including promoters, sigma factor, RNA polymerase II and post-transcriptional processing

Explain the genetic code, codon degeneracy and wobble, and translate a short given mRNA into a peptide

Describe translation initiation, elongation and termination in bacteria and note the key eukaryotic differences

Compare DNA replication, transcription and translation on template, enzyme, directionality and proofreading

List mutation types (substitution, frameshift, deletion) and predict their protein-level consequences

Explain operon regulation using lac and trp operons as models of inducible and repressible control

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell architecture, organelle by organelle, and relate each organelle to a biotechnology use

Describe bacterial growth curve phases and calculate generation time from given cell counts

Explain sterilization methods (autoclave, filtration, UV) and aseptic technique steps for a plant tissue culture lab

Outline callus induction, shoot and root regeneration, and somatic embryogenesis with hormone ratios

Explain protoplast isolation and fusion, anther culture for haploids, and meristem culture for virus elimination

Describe the steps and hormone combinations for micropropagation of a named crop, from explant selection to hardening

Explain somaclonal variation, cryopreservation and synthetic seed production as applications of plant tissue culture

Outline Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using the Ti plasmid, and contrast it with biolistics

Summarize Bt cotton, golden rice and herbicide-tolerant crops by the gene introduced and the trait conferred

Describe animal cell culture basics: primary vs continuous lines, media components, and the role of trypsin and serum

Classify fermenters (stirred tank, airlift, packed bed) and match each to a product type

Distinguish batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentation by substrate supply and productivity

Explain downstream processing stages from cell harvest to formulation for one product such as penicillin or citric acid

Describe immobilised enzyme and cell systems with two industrial examples

Outline bioremediation strategies: bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation and biosorption, with one named pollutant each

Explain innate vs adaptive immunity, antigen presentation, and the roles of B cells, T cells and antibodies

Compare live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, toxoid and mRNA vaccines by construction, storage and immune response

Describe monoclonal antibody production by hybridoma technology and name two therapeutic uses

Outline recombinant insulin and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine production as cloning-into-expression-host case studies

Trace the historical milestones from fermentation and Mendelian genetics to recombinant DNA and the Human Genome Project

State the principles of informed consent, confidentiality and benefit sharing for human and field trials

Explain biosafety levels 1-4 and the containment practices required at each level

Distinguish patents, plant variety protection, trademarks and trade secrets, and outline the criteria for patentability

Summarize India's regulatory bodies for GM organisms (GEAC, IBSC, RCGM) and the Cartagena Protocol's role

Name Odisha and India biotechnology institutions, programmes and crops relevant to regional applications