CHSE Odisha Elective Geography flashcards
CHSE Odisha Elective Geography · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Continental drift
- Wegener's 1912 hypothesis that continents once formed a single landmass, Pangaea, and have since drifted apart, evidenced by coastline fit, matching fossils, tillites and structures.
- Sea-floor spreading
- Hess's theory that new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges and moves outward, destroyed at trenches; symmetrical magnetic striping on both sides of ridges confirms it.
- Davisian cycle of erosion
- A three-stage model of landscape evolution: youth with steep V-shaped valleys, maturity with wide valleys and meanders, and old age with a low peneplain.
- Karst topography
- Landscape developed on soluble limestone by carbonation, featuring sinkholes, dolines, swallow holes, caves, stalactites, stalagmites and disappearing streams.
- Coriolis force
- An apparent deflection of moving air or water caused by Earth's rotation; it deflects to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern.
- ITCZ
- The Intertropical Convergence Zone, a belt of low pressure near the equator where trade winds converge, producing heavy convectional rain; it shifts with the apparent movement of the sun.
- Spring and neap tides
- Spring tides occur at new and full moon when solar and lunar forces align, giving the highest range; neap tides occur at quadrature with the smallest range.
- Koppen climate classification
- A system grouping climates by temperature and rainfall into five main groups: A tropical, B dry, C warm temperate, D cold temperate and E polar.
- Demographic transition model
- A four- or five-stage model tracing change from high birth and death rates through falling death rates, then falling birth rates, to low stable rates.
- Dependency ratio
- The number of people aged under 15 and over 64 per hundred people aged 15 to 64, showing the burden on the working-age population.
- Malthusian theory
- Thomas Malthus argued population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, so checks such as famine and disease restore balance.
- Push and pull factors
- Conditions at the origin that drive people away, such as poverty or conflict, and attractions at the destination, such as jobs or education, that draw migrants.
- Von Thunen model
- A model of agricultural land use in concentric rings around a market, where transport cost and land rent decide which crop is grown where.
- Weber's location theory
- Alfred Weber held that an industry locates where transport and labour costs are least, modified by agglomeration economies; weight-losing industries sit near raw materials.
- Rourkela Steel Plant
- An integrated steel plant in Sundargarh district, Odisha, built with German collaboration, which began production in 1959 using nearby iron ore and coal.
- Footloose industry
- An industry whose location is not tied to raw materials, power or market because its products are light and highly valued, such as electronics or software.
- Chilika Lake
- Asia's largest brackish-water lagoon, lying on the Odisha coast in Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts; a Ramsar wetland famous for migratory birds and dolphins.
- Mahanadi river system
- Odisha's principal river, rising in Chhattisgarh and entering the Bay of Bengal through a large delta; the Hirakud dam on it is one of the world's longest earthen dams.
- Similipal
- A hill range and protected area in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, declared a biosphere reserve and tiger reserve, noted for sal forest and biodiversity.
- Sukinda chromite valley
- A chromite mining area in Jajpur district, Odisha, containing one of the largest chromite deposits in the world and supplying most of India's chromite.
- Representative fraction
- A map scale expressed as a ratio such as 1:50,000, meaning one unit on the map equals 50,000 of the same units on the ground; it has no units.
- Grid reference
- A map location given by eastings read before northings; four figures identify a grid square and six figures pinpoint a position within it.
- Contour interval
- The constant vertical distance between successive contour lines on a map; close spacing indicates a steep slope and wide spacing a gentle slope.
- Plane table resection
- A surveying method that fixes the plane table's position by sighting three known points from an unknown station, also called the three-point problem.
- Ten percent law
- Lindeman's rule that only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next, so food chains rarely exceed four or five links.
- Disaster management cycle
- The sequence of mitigation and preparedness before a hazard, response and relief during it, and recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction afterwards.
- BOD
- Biochemical oxygen demand, the oxygen consumed by microbes breaking down organic matter in water; a high value indicates heavy organic pollution.
- Odisha super cyclone 1999
- A cyclone that struck Odisha on 29 October 1999 with a huge storm surge, killing thousands and prompting major investment in cyclone shelters and warning systems.
- Choropleth map
- A thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to a value such as population density or literacy, using graded classes.
- Rain gauge
- An instrument, usually a cylindrical collector with a measuring jar, that records the depth of rainfall in millimetres at a weather station.
- Stratified sampling
- A sampling method in which the population is divided into homogeneous groups and random samples are drawn from each, ensuring all groups are represented.
- Field study record
- A structured report containing title, objectives, location, methodology, observations, data tables, analysis, conclusion and acknowledgements for a field investigation.