CHSE Odisha Elective Home Science flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Energy value of fat

Fat yields 9 kcal per gram, more than twice the energy of carbohydrate or protein. Diets high in fat are energy-dense, so small portions supply much energy.

Balanced diet definition

A diet supplying energy and every essential nutrient in the proportions the body needs, drawn from all five food groups, adequate in fibre and water.

Kwashiorkor signs

Protein-energy malnutrition with oedema, low serum albumin, moon face, flaky-paint dermatosis, fatty liver and apathy, usually in children aged one to three years.

Night blindness cause

Vitamin A deficiency reduces rhodopsin in the retina, so a person cannot see in dim light. Prolonged deficiency may progress to Bitot's spots and xerophthalmia.

Danger zone in food safety

The temperature range of 5 to 60 degrees Celsius where bacteria multiply fastest. Cooked food should be kept above 60 or chilled below 5 degrees.

Table d'hote menu

A food service style offering a fixed multi-course menu at one set price, with limited choice. It simplifies purchasing, portion control and pricing.

HACCP purpose

A preventive food safety system identifying hazards, setting critical control points and limits, then monitoring and recording to prevent rather than detect contamination.

Portion control benefit

Standard serving sizes ensure uniform quality, predictable cost per cover, accurate nutrient content and less plate waste in food service units.

Meal planning sequence

Assess family needs, take stock of available foods and budget, fix quantities from food composition tables, then distribute dishes across meals by energy share.

Piaget concrete operational stage

From about 7 to 11 years, children reason logically about concrete objects, understand conservation and classification, but cannot yet handle abstract hypotheses.

Erikson autonomy versus shame

The second psychosocial stage, roughly 1 to 3 years, when toddlers assert independence. Supportive caregivers build autonomy; excessive restriction produces shame and doubt.

Parallel play

A stage of early childhood in which children play side by side with similar toys but without real interaction, common around two to three years.

Family life cycle

The stages a family passes through - formation, expansion, launching and ageing - each changing income, expenditure, space needs and caregiving demands.

Twill weave features

A weave with diagonal lines made by passing the weft over two or more warps. It is strong, drapes well and hides soil; denim and gabardine are examples.

Mercerisation finish

Treating cotton under tension with caustic soda, which swells the fibre, increasing lustre, strength and dye absorption and improving dimensional stability.

Burning test for silk

Silk burns slowly with a smell of burnt hair, forms a crushable black bead and stops burning when the flame is removed, indicating a protein fibre.

Grain line in pattern

The marked line on a pattern piece placed parallel to the warp threads so the garment hangs correctly. Wrong placement causes twisting and poor fit.

Fashion cycle

The life of a style from introduction through rising acceptance, peak popularity, decline and obsolescence, driven by consumer imitation and novelty seeking.

Human versus non-human resources

Human resources are qualities within people such as time, energy, knowledge and skills; non-human resources are money, materials, goods and space.

Steps in management

Planning sets goals and actions, organising arranges resources, implementing carries out the plan, and controlling-evaluating compares results with goals.

Work simplification

A management technique that removes unnecessary steps, combines tasks, changes sequence and improves motions to reduce fatigue and time spent.

Balanced budget

A family budget in which estimated income equals estimated expenditure. Surplus budgets plan savings; deficit budgets spend more than income.

Cross ventilation

Natural ventilation created by openings on opposite or adjacent walls so air enters one side and exits the other, giving continuous air movement.

Warm and cool colours

Warm colours such as red, orange and yellow advance and appear closer; cool colours such as blue and green recede, making small rooms appear larger.

Symmetrical balance

A design arrangement in which two halves of a composition are mirror images, giving a formal, stable look, as with matching furniture on either side.

Illumination measured in lux

Lux is the unit of illuminance, one lumen per square metre. Task lighting for reading or cooking needs higher lux than general ambient lighting.

Result demonstration

An extension method showing the outcome of a new practice in a farmer's own field over a season, allowing neighbours to see and compare results.

Adoption process stages

The mental sequence a person passes through before adopting an innovation: awareness, interest, evaluation, small-scale trial, and finally adoption.

Extension teaching methods

Classified as individual (visits, letters), group (demonstrations, lectures, discussions) and mass (radio, posters, exhibitions), chosen by audience size and purpose.

Body mass index formula

BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. It screens adults for underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity.

Twenty-four hour dietary recall

A survey method in which a respondent lists all foods and drinks consumed in the previous day, with amounts, to estimate nutrient intake.

Hedonic scale use

A nine-point rating scale from dislike extremely to like extremely used by sensory panels to record acceptability of food samples under uniform conditions.