CHSE Odisha Voc. Beauty Therapist key terms

The complete destruction or removal of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores, from tools and surfaces. In a salon this is achieved by autoclave or approved chemical methods, not by simple washing.

The reduction of most harmful microorganisms on tools and surfaces using an approved chemical agent. It is a lower level of control than sterilisation and is used for items such as combs, bowls and worktops.

The transfer of microorganisms from one person, tool or surface to another. In beauty work it commonly occurs through shared implements, unwashed hands, soiled linen or double-dipping wax spatulas.

A small controlled application of a product, usually tint or hair colour, on a discreet area of skin to check for an allergic reaction. It is performed before the first treatment and after any product change.

Any condition, medication or circumstance that makes a treatment unsafe or inadvisable for a client. Examples include active infection, recent surgery, certain skin diseases and use of blood-thinning drugs.

A client's clear agreement to a treatment after being told its nature, benefits, risks, alternatives and cost. It should be recorded in writing and obtained before work begins.

The professional duty to keep a client's personal, medical and treatment information private. It means not discussing client details with others and storing records securely.

A written or digital record of a client's personal details, medical history, allergies, previous treatments, products used and consent. It supports safe treatment planning and continuity of care.

The outer, avascular layer of the skin. It is made of stratified epithelial cells, with the basal layer producing new cells that move outward and eventually form the protective stratum corneum.

The layer beneath the epidermis containing collagen, elastin, blood vessels, nerves, glands and hair follicles. It gives the skin strength, elasticity and nutrition and is the site of most skin reactions.

The outermost layer of the epidermis, made of flattened dead keratinised cells. It forms the main barrier against water loss and infection and is the layer removed by exfoliation.

A gland attached to a hair follicle that secretes sebum onto the skin surface. Sebum lubricates skin and hair, and its excess is linked to oily skin and acne.

The repeating sequence of anagen (growth), catagen (transition) and telogen (resting and shedding) phases. Understanding it explains why hair grows back after waxing and why growth rates differ between body areas.

The active growth stage of the hair growth cycle, when the hair is firmly anchored in the follicle. Waxing during anagen can be more painful and may cause breakage if hair is short.

The hard, visible part of the nail made of compacted keratin, resting on the nail bed. Its condition reflects health and it must be assessed before manicure or nail art.

The tissue at the base of the nail that produces new nail cells. Damage to the matrix can permanently alter nail shape or growth, so it must be treated gently during manicure.

The thin layer of dead skin at the base of the nail plate that seals the nail against infection. It should be softened and pushed back, never cut aggressively.

A scale from 0 to 14 measuring acidity or alkalinity, with 7 neutral. Skin and hair have a mildly acidic pH, and products such as shampoos and colour are formulated to respect it.

A molecule with a water-loving head and an oil-loving tail that allows oil and water to mix. Surfactants are the cleansing agents in shampoo and soap and can strip natural oils if too harsh.

Describes an ingredient or product likely to block pores and contribute to blackheads or acne. Clients with oily or acne-prone skin should avoid highly comedogenic products.

The removal of dead cells from the skin surface by mechanical or chemical means. It improves texture and product absorption but must be avoided on broken, inflamed or recently waxed skin.

A structured assessment of a client's skin type, condition, hydration, sensitivity and problem areas before a facial. It guides product selection and identifies contraindications.

The manual removal of blackheads and blocked sebum from pores during a facial, usually after softening the skin. It must be done gently and never on inflamed acne lesions.

Dividing the hair into clean, controlled subsections using clips before cutting, colouring or styling. It ensures even tension, accuracy and no missed areas.

The angle at which hair is held away from the head during cutting. It controls the amount of graduation and layering, from zero degrees for a solid line to 180 degrees for long layers.

A haircut where hair is cut straight across at zero elevation, producing a solid, even perimeter with no layering. It gives a strong line and is often used for bobs.

A hydrogen peroxide solution that opens the hair cuticle and activates colour molecules, developing permanent colour and lightening natural pigment. Its strength determines lift and must match the chosen colour.

A test on a small section of hair to check how a colour, lightener or relaxer will perform and how long it needs. It predicts the final result and reduces the risk of damage.

An alkaline chemical product, usually containing sodium hydroxide or ammonium thioglycolate, that breaks disulphide bonds to straighten curly hair. It requires careful timing and neutralisation to avoid damage.

A hair removal method where warm or hot wax adheres to hair and is removed against the direction of growth, pulling hair from the follicle. It gives longer-lasting results than shaving.

A hair removal technique using twisted cotton thread rolled over the skin to trap and lift hairs. It is precise, needs no chemicals and is commonly used on eyebrows and the upper lip.

Re-inserting a used wax spatula into the wax pot. It is an unacceptable hygiene practice because it transfers skin cells and microorganisms into the wax, risking cross-contamination.

A classic nail style with a natural pink base and a white tip painted along the free edge. It requires a steady hand and clean smile line and is popular for formal and bridal looks.

A clear first layer applied to the nail before colour to improve adhesion, protect the nail plate and prevent staining. It also helps the colour apply evenly.

The study of how colours relate, mix and contrast, including the colour wheel, complementary pairs and undertones. Make-up artists use it to correct, balance and complement skin tones.

Selecting a base product that matches the client's skin tone, undertone and texture. It is tested on the jawline in natural light so the face and neck blend seamlessly.

The use of darker and lighter make-up to sculpt the face by creating shadows and highlights. It enhances bone structure and is often used in bridal and photographic looks.

A pre-event appointment to test the full hair, make-up or nail design on the client. It confirms the look, checks for reactions and reduces stress on the wedding day.