Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Computer Technique flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Binary number system

A base-2 number system using only digits 0 and 1; each position represents a power of two, starting from 2^0 at the right.

Two's complement

A signed binary representation in which negative numbers are formed by inverting all bits and adding one; n bits represent -2^(n-1) through 2^(n-1)-1.

Unicode

A character encoding standard that assigns code points to characters from many writing systems, enabling multilingual text; UTF-8 is a variable-length byte encoding of Unicode.

Absolute path

A file path that starts at the root of a file system, such as C:\Users\Name\file.txt on Windows or /home/name/file on Linux.

Virtual memory

A technique that uses secondary storage as an extension of RAM, allowing programs larger than physical memory to run; excessive paging causes thrashing.

File extension

The suffix after the final dot in a filename that indicates file type or associated application, such as .docx for Word or .xlsx for Excel.

Mail merge

A word-processing feature that combines a main document with a data source to generate personalized copies, inserting merge fields such as name and address for each record.

Section break

A word-processing mark that divides a document into sections so each section can have independent page orientation, margins, headers, footers, or column settings.

Track Changes

A review feature that records insertions, deletions, and comments made to a document, allowing reviewers to accept or reject each change before finalizing.

Absolute cell reference

A spreadsheet reference such as $A$1 that keeps both column and row fixed when a formula is copied to another cell.

VLOOKUP

A spreadsheet function that searches the first column of a table for a value and returns a value from a specified column in the same row; use FALSE for exact match.

Mixed cell reference

A spreadsheet reference that fixes either the column or the row, such as $A1 or A$1, so one part changes when copied and the other stays fixed.

Primary key

A database field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a table; it cannot contain NULL values and must be unique.

Foreign key

A field in one table that references the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity and linking related records across tables.

Normalization

The process of organizing database tables to reduce redundancy and update anomalies by applying normal forms such as 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF.

Slide master

A presentation template that stores design settings such as fonts, colors, logos, and placeholder positions for all slides; editing it updates slides that use it.

Bitmap image

A digital image made of a grid of pixels, each with color values; enlarging it beyond its resolution causes visible pixelation, unlike vector graphics.

Frame rate

The number of video or animation frames displayed per second, measured in fps; higher rates make motion smoother but increase file size and processing load.

DNS

The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses so browsers can locate web servers on the Internet.

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure encrypts web traffic using TLS and normally uses port 443, protecting data between browser and server from eavesdropping.

Bcc

Blind carbon copy is an email field that sends a copy to recipients whose addresses are hidden from other recipients; use it to protect privacy.

C main function

The entry point of a C program where execution begins; it returns an integer status to the operating system and may accept command-line arguments.

For loop

A control structure that repeats statements a known number of times, usually with initialization, condition, and update parts; C uses for(init; condition; update).

Flowchart decision symbol

A diamond-shaped flowchart symbol that represents a condition with yes/no or true/false branches, directing the flow of the algorithm.

SSD

A solid-state drive stores data in flash memory with no moving parts, offering faster access, shock resistance, and lower power use than a mechanical hard disk.

UEFI

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface is modern motherboard firmware that initializes hardware and can boot from GPT disks larger than 2 TB and support Secure Boot.

APIPA address

An Automatic Private IP Addressing address in the range 169.254.x.x that a Windows host assigns itself when DHCP fails, allowing only local-link communication.

Subnet mask

A 32-bit value that separates the network and host portions of an IPv4 address; for example, 255.255.255.0 corresponds to a /24 prefix.

Print preview

A view that shows how a document will appear on the printed page, allowing checks of margins, orientation, page breaks, and scaling before printing.

ZIP archive

A compressed file container that stores one or more files and folders in a smaller size; files usually must be extracted before editing.

Project report abstract

A concise summary of a project report stating the problem, objectives, methods, main results, and conclusions, usually placed before the table of contents.

Viva voce

An oral examination in which a candidate explains and defends project work, answers questions on methods and results, and demonstrates the working system.