I85PREP
⌘ K
Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Computer Technique study materials
Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Computer Technique study resources

Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Computer Technique practice questions

One question at a time. Build your Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Computer Technique understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The binary number 1101₂ is equivalent to which decimal value?

  1. 11
  2. 12
  3. 14
  4. 13 Correct answer.

Explanation

Each binary digit carries a place value that doubles from right to left: 1×8 + 1×4 + 0×2 + 1×1. Adding these values gives 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13, so 1101₂ = 13₁₀.

Question 2Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In the CPU of a microcomputer, which unit actually performs addition, subtraction and logical comparisons?

  1. Main memory
  2. Instruction register
  3. ALU Correct answer.
  4. Control unit

Explanation

The Arithmetic Logic Unit, or ALU, is the part of the CPU that executes arithmetic operations and logical operations such as AND, OR and comparison. The control unit only fetches and decodes instructions and directs the other units.

Question 3Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In standard binary memory measurement, one kilobyte (1 KB) is equal to how many bytes?

  1. 1,024 bytes Correct answer.
  2. 512 bytes
  3. 1,000 bytes exactly
  4. 1,024 bits

Explanation

Memory is addressed in powers of two, so 1 KB = 2¹⁰ bytes = 1,024 bytes. The figure of 1,000 is a decimal approximation used in storage marketing, not the binary measure applied to memory.

Question 4Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The octal number 347₈ is equal to which decimal value?

  1. 231 Correct answer.
  2. 239
  3. 247
  4. 233

Explanation

Expand the octal digits using powers of eight: 3×8² + 4×8¹ + 7×8⁰ = 3×64 + 4×8 + 7 = 192 + 32 + 7 = 231. The decimal result is therefore 231.

Question 5Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In an 8-bit register using 2's complement representation, the decimal number −5 is stored as which bit pattern?

  1. 10000101
  2. 11111011 Correct answer.
  3. 00000101
  4. 11111010

Explanation

First write +5 as 0000 0101, then invert every bit to obtain the 1's complement 1111 1010, and finally add 1 to get 1111 1011. The leading 1 confirms that the stored value is negative.

Question 6Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

Which memory in the computer memory hierarchy is the fastest and lies closest to the CPU?

  1. Cache memory Correct answer.
  2. Secondary storage
  3. Main memory (RAM)
  4. Virtual memory

Explanation

Cache memory is a small, very fast block of SRAM placed between the CPU and main memory. It keeps recently used instructions and data so that average access time falls, making it faster than RAM, virtual memory and secondary storage.

Question 7Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In computer data representation, the ASCII standard is used mainly to:

  1. Represent floating-point values in IEEE format
  2. Encode characters such as letters and symbols Correct answer.
  3. Encode machine instructions for the control unit
  4. Store decimal digits in packed BCD form

Explanation

ASCII assigns a distinct 7-bit code (extended to 8 bits in practice) to each printable character, including letters, digits, punctuation marks and control codes. It is a character-encoding standard and does not define numeric or instruction formats.

Question 8Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

When the binary numbers 1011₂ and 0110₂ are added, the sum is:

  1. 11101₂
  2. 11001₂
  3. 10001₂ Correct answer.
  4. 10011₂

Explanation

Adding column by column from the right: 1+0 = 1; 1+1 = 0 with a carry of 1; 0+1+1 = 0 with a carry of 1; 1+0+1 = 0 with a carry of 1; the final carry gives 1. The result is 10001₂, which equals 11 + 6 = 17 in decimal.

Question 9Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

An 8-bit register stores numbers in 2's complement form. What is the range of decimal values it can hold?

  1. −127 to +127
  2. −128 to +128
  3. 0 to 255
  4. −128 to +127 Correct answer.

Explanation

For n bits in 2's complement the range is −2^(n−1) to +2^(n−1) − 1. With n = 8 this gives −128 to +127, because the all-zero pattern represents 0 and the negative side contains one more value than the positive side.

Question 10Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The hexadecimal number 2A6₁₆ is equivalent to which binary number?

  1. 0010 1010 0110 Correct answer.
  2. 0010 1010 0101
  3. 0010 1100 0110
  4. 0011 1010 0110

Explanation

Each hexadecimal digit expands into exactly four binary bits: 2 becomes 0010, A (decimal 10) becomes 1010, and 6 becomes 0110. Concatenating these groups in order gives 0010 1010 0110₂.

Question 11Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In the computer memory hierarchy, which of the following is a secondary storage device?

  1. Magnetic tape Correct answer.
  2. Main memory (RAM)
  3. Cache memory
  4. CPU register

Explanation

Secondary storage holds data permanently and is not directly accessed by the CPU during processing. Magnetic tape is a secondary storage medium, while cache, CPU registers and main memory are primary or internal storage used for fast temporary access.

Question 12Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The first generation of computers was characterised by the use of which main electronic component?

  1. Integrated circuits
  2. Transistors
  3. Vacuum tubes Correct answer.
  4. Microprocessors

Explanation

The first generation of computers, roughly from the 1940s to the 1950s, used vacuum tubes as the main switching component. Transistors belong to the second generation, integrated circuits to the third, and microprocessors to the fourth.

Question 13Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In computer data representation, one nibble is made up of how many bits?

  1. 16
  2. 4 Correct answer.
  3. 2
  4. 8

Explanation

A nibble is a group of 4 bits, which is exactly half of a byte. It can represent 16 different values because 2 raised to the power 4 equals 16.

Question 14Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The binary number 110110₂, when converted to octal, gives:

  1. 63₈
  2. 66₈ Correct answer.
  3. 54₈
  4. 72₈

Explanation

Group the binary digits in threes from the right: 110 110. Each group becomes one octal digit: 110₂ = 6 and 110₂ = 6, giving 66₈.

Question 15Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The decimal number 45, when converted to hexadecimal, is:

  1. 1D₁₆
  2. 2C₁₆
  3. 2D₁₆ Correct answer.
  4. 3D₁₆

Explanation

Divide 45 by 16: the quotient is 2 and the remainder is 13. The remainder 13 is written as D in hexadecimal, so the result is 2D₁₆.

Question 16Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

Which memory device is volatile and loses its stored data when the power supply is switched off?

  1. ROM
  2. DRAM Correct answer.
  3. EPROM
  4. PROM

Explanation

DRAM stores each bit as a charge on a capacitor and must be refreshed continuously. When power is removed, the charge leaks away and the data is lost, so DRAM is volatile. ROM, PROM and EPROM are non-volatile and retain their contents without power.

Question 17Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In an 8-bit signed magnitude representation, the decimal number −13 is written as:

  1. 11110011
  2. 10001101 Correct answer.
  3. 00001101
  4. 11110010

Explanation

In signed magnitude form, the leftmost bit is the sign, with 1 meaning negative, and the remaining seven bits hold the magnitude. The number 13 in 7 bits is 0001101, so −13 is 10001101.

Question 18Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) representation of the decimal number 29 is:

  1. 00101001 Correct answer.
  2. 00011001
  3. 00011101
  4. 00100101

Explanation

In BCD, each decimal digit is coded separately in 4-bit binary. Decimal 29 becomes 2 coded as 0010 and 9 coded as 1001, so the BCD code is 00101001.

Question 19Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

An 8-bit computer performs 2's complement addition of 01111111₂ and 00000001₂. What is the result and the overflow status?

  1. 11111111₂; no overflow occurs
  2. 10000000₂; overflow occurs Correct answer.
  3. 10000000₂; no overflow occurs
  4. 00000000₂; overflow occurs

Explanation

Adding 01111111, which is +127, and 00000001, which is +1, gives 10000000. In 8-bit 2's complement this pattern represents −128, so the true sum +128 lies outside the signed range of −128 to +127 and overflow occurs.

Question 20Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The hexadecimal number 3F.8₁₆, when converted to decimal, is equal to:

  1. 64.5
  2. 63.8
  3. 62.5
  4. 63.5 Correct answer.

Explanation

The integer part 3F₁₆ equals 3 × 16 + 15 = 63. The fractional digit 8 is in the sixteenths place, so 8/16 = 0.5. Therefore 3F.8₁₆ equals 63.5₁₀.

Question 21Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In digital logic, which gate produces an output of 1 only when its two inputs are different from each other?

  1. XOR gate Correct answer.
  2. OR gate
  3. NAND gate
  4. AND gate

Explanation

The exclusive-OR (XOR) gate outputs 1 for the input combinations 01 and 10, and 0 for 00 and 11, so its output is high only when the two inputs differ. An AND gate needs both inputs to be 1, an OR gate needs at least one input to be 1, and a NAND gate is simply the inverse of AND.

Question 22Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

In an 8-bit register using 1's complement representation, the decimal value −9 is stored as which bit pattern?

  1. 11110111
  2. 11110110 Correct answer.
  3. 00001001
  4. 10001001

Explanation

In 1's complement form, a negative number is written by taking the binary magnitude and then complementing every bit, changing each 0 to 1 and each 1 to 0. The magnitude 9 is 00001001 in 8 bits, so complementing all eight bits gives 11110110, which represents −9.

Question 23Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

The decimal fraction 0.625, when converted to its binary equivalent, is:

  1. 0.111₂
  2. 0.011₂
  3. 0.110₂
  4. 0.101₂ Correct answer.

Explanation

To convert a decimal fraction, multiply the fractional part by 2 repeatedly and record the integer part produced at each step. Here 0.625 × 2 = 1.25 gives 1, then 0.25 × 2 = 0.50 gives 0, and 0.50 × 2 = 1.00 gives 1, so the binary fraction is 0.101₂.

Question 24Fundamentals of Computers and Number Systems

Using 4-bit 2's complement arithmetic, the operation 0101₂ − 0110₂ is carried out by adding the 2's complement of 0110₂ to 0101₂. The 4-bit result is:

  1. 1111₂ Correct answer.
  2. 1110₂
  3. 1011₂
  4. 0001₂

Explanation

The 2's complement of 0110 is formed by complementing the bits to get 1001 and then adding 1, which gives 1010. Adding 0101 + 1010 produces 1111 with no carry out of the 4-bit register, and 1111 represents −1 in 4-bit 2's complement, which matches 5 − 6 = −1.

Question 25Operating System and File Management

Which part of an operating system keeps track of where each file is stored on disk and controls who may open it?

  1. File management component Correct answer.
  2. Device driver
  3. Command interpreter
  4. Memory management component

Explanation

The file management component creates, deletes, locates, and protects files and directories, and it also maintains information about free disk space. Memory management handles RAM, device drivers control hardware, and the command interpreter reads commands typed by the user. Therefore the component that tracks file locations and access is file management.

Question 26Operating System and File Management

Which of the following characters is not permitted in a Windows file name?

  1. The digit 7 in the middle of a name
  2. A question mark Correct answer.
  3. A hyphen character
  4. An underscore character

Explanation

Windows reserves characters such as \ / : * ? " < > | because they have special meaning in paths or device names, so a question mark cannot appear in a file name. Underscores, hyphens, and digits are ordinary legal characters in Windows file names.

Question 27Operating System and File Management

What does the root directory represent in a hierarchical file system?

  1. The topmost directory of a drive Correct answer.
  2. The directory currently displayed in the window
  3. A backup copy of the directory tree stored on another disk
  4. A folder that holds only temporary files created by programs

Explanation

In a tree-structured file system the root is the highest-level directory of a drive, and every other folder is created below it. It is not defined by being temporary, current, or a backup; those descriptions depend on user activity or backup policy.

Question 28Operating System and File Management

A file named Record.txt is stored at C:\School\Vocational\Record.txt. If the current directory is C:\School, which path correctly refers to the file as a relative path?

  1. \Vocational\Record.txt
  2. C:\School\Vocational\Record.txt
  3. Vocational\Record.txt Correct answer.
  4. Record.txt

Explanation

A relative path is interpreted from the current directory, so from C:\School the subfolder Vocational followed by the file name completes the reference. The full path beginning with C:\ is absolute, a path beginning with \ is rooted at the current drive, and Record.txt alone would mean C:\School\Record.txt.

Question 29Operating System and File Management

Which file allocation method stores a file in non-contiguous disk blocks by keeping a pointer to the next block inside each block?

  1. Partition allocation
  2. Linked allocation Correct answer.
  3. Contiguous allocation
  4. Indexed allocation

Explanation

Linked allocation places a pointer in every block so the blocks can be scattered across the disk and followed as a chain. Contiguous allocation requires consecutive blocks, indexed allocation keeps block addresses in an index block, and partition allocation is not a file allocation method.

Question 30Operating System and File Management

What is the main advantage of a tree-structured directory over a single-level directory?

  1. It stores every file in one central list so that searching is faster
  2. It removes the need for a root directory at the top of the drive
  3. It allows duplicate file names in separate folders Correct answer.
  4. It automatically converts long file names into short names

Explanation

In a tree structure each folder is a separate name space, so C:\School\Record.txt and C:\Office\Record.txt can coexist without conflict. A single-level directory keeps all files in one list and cannot separate identical names by folder.

Question 31Operating System and File Management

Which file attribute causes a file to be omitted from an ordinary directory listing in Windows?

  1. Archive
  2. Hidden Correct answer.
  3. Read-only
  4. System

Explanation

The hidden attribute marks a file so that normal folder views do not display it unless the user chooses to show hidden items. Read-only prevents changes, archive marks files for backup, and system identifies operating-system files.

Question 32Operating System and File Management

Which type of operating system is designed so that a critical task is guaranteed to finish within a fixed time limit?

  1. Distributed operating system
  2. Batch operating system
  3. Real-time operating system Correct answer.
  4. Time-sharing operating system

Explanation

A real-time operating system schedules tasks to meet deadlines, which is essential in control systems such as robotics or medical devices. Batch systems group jobs, time-sharing systems divide CPU time among users, and distributed systems coordinate multiple computers.

Question 33Operating System and File Management

Which statement about NTFS and FAT32 is correct?

  1. NTFS cannot be used on a removable USB drive, but FAT32 can
  2. FAT32 keeps a journal of changes so that it can recover quickly after a crash
  3. FAT32 allows a much larger maximum file size than NTFS does on the same disk
  4. NTFS supports file-level access permissions, while FAT32 does not Correct answer.

Explanation

NTFS includes security descriptors and permissions for files and folders, whereas FAT32 has no such per-file permission system. NTFS supports larger files than FAT32, can be used on removable drives, and provides journaling that FAT32 lacks.

Question 34Operating System and File Management

In a FAT file system, what does the file allocation table record?

  1. The boot loader code that starts the operating system
  2. The actual contents of every file stored on the disk
  3. The names of all folders and subfolders on the disk
  4. The cluster chain for each file Correct answer.

Explanation

The FAT is a table of cluster entries; each entry points to the next cluster in a file's chain or marks the end of the chain. The actual file data is stored in the clusters, directory entries hold names, and the boot loader is kept in the boot sector.

Question 35Operating System and File Management

Which of the following is a core responsibility of an operating system in a computer system?

  1. Downloading a web page from a remote Internet server
  2. Managing hardware and providing services to programs Correct answer.
  3. Translating a high-level programming language program into machine code
  4. Designing the screen layout of a spreadsheet application package

Explanation

The operating system acts as an intermediary between application software, the user and the hardware. It allocates processor time, memory and storage, and it provides services such as file management and device control. Designing an application interface, translating source code and fetching web pages are tasks performed by application programs, compilers or network clients.

Question 36Operating System and File Management

In the Windows file name Marks.docx, what does the part after the dot represent?

  1. The name of the folder that contains the file
  2. The file extension, which shows the file type Correct answer.
  3. The name of the user account that created the file
  4. The amount of disk space used by the file in kilobytes

Explanation

The part of a file name after the final dot is called the extension. Windows uses the extension to associate the file with a program or file type, so .docx normally identifies a word-processing document. Folder location, file size and owner are separate properties that are not expressed by this part of the name.

Question 37Operating System and File Management

A student needs to find all files whose names end with .txt in the current folder. Which search pattern should be entered?

  1. *.txt Correct answer.
  2. ?.txt
  3. txt.*
  4. *.tx?

Explanation

In Windows wildcard searches, the asterisk (*) represents any number of characters, while the question mark (?) represents exactly one character. The pattern *.txt therefore matches every file name followed by the .txt extension. The pattern ?.txt matches only one-character names, and the other patterns place the wildcard in the wrong position or target a different extension.

Question 38Operating System and File Management

Which statement correctly distinguishes a cold boot from a warm boot?

  1. A cold boot loads only the BIOS, while a warm boot loads only the operating system.
  2. A cold boot starts from power-off; a warm boot restarts without removing power. Correct answer.
  3. A cold boot is performed only after a virus attack, while a warm boot is performed every day.
  4. A cold boot restarts the computer without switching off the power, while a warm boot starts it from power-off.

Explanation

A cold boot, also called a hard boot, begins with the computer switched off and then applies power before the firmware and operating system are loaded. A warm boot restarts the system while power remains on, often through the restart command or a key combination. Both types ultimately load the operating system, so the distinction is about whether power was removed.

Question 39Operating System and File Management

A file system uses contiguous allocation for files on a disk. Which problem is most closely associated with this method?

  1. Every file must be stored in a fixed-size index block
  2. External fragmentation makes it difficult to find a large enough free block for a new file Correct answer.
  3. The file allocation table grows too large to fit in main memory
  4. Each block must be read in sequence, so direct access to the middle of a file is impossible

Explanation

Contiguous allocation gives each file one uninterrupted run of disk blocks, so a new file needs a free run large enough for its entire size. As files are created and deleted, free space becomes scattered into small holes, which is called external fragmentation. Sequential access is not forced by this method, and the other choices describe linked or indexed allocation.

Question 40Operating System and File Management

What is the main purpose of defragmenting a hard disk?

  1. To compress every file so that it occupies less disk space
  2. To store each file's fragments in contiguous blocks Correct answer.
  3. To convert the file system from FAT32 to NTFS
  4. To remove viruses and other malicious programs from the disk

Explanation

Defragmentation reorganises the blocks of fragmented files so that each file occupies a continuous region of the disk. On a traditional hard disk this reduces the movement of the read/write head and can improve access speed. It does not compress files, change the file system or remove malware.

Question 41Operating System and File Management

In a Linux file system, which directory is the top of the entire directory hierarchy?

  1. /root
  2. / Correct answer.
  3. /bin
  4. /home

Explanation

The forward slash (/) represents the root directory, the starting point from which all other directories branch. The /home directory contains users' home directories, /bin holds common command programs, and /root is the home directory of the root user. None of those directories is above the root directory.

Question 42Operating System and File Management

A user selects a file in Windows File Explorer and presses Shift+Delete. What happens to the file?

  1. It is copied to the clipboard for pasting elsewhere.
  2. It is renamed with a .bak extension.
  3. It is moved to the Recycle Bin and can be restored later.
  4. It is deleted permanently and bypasses the Recycle Bin Correct answer.

Explanation

The Delete key normally sends a file to the Recycle Bin, but holding Shift bypasses that safety step. Windows then removes the file's directory entry and frees its disk space, so ordinary restoration from the Recycle Bin is not possible. The file is not copied, renamed or retained in a temporary folder by this action.

Question 43Operating System and File Management

Under indexed allocation, where does the file system keep the disk block addresses belonging to a file?

  1. In the boot sector of the disk, together with the partition table
  2. In the file allocation table, as a chain of next-block pointers
  3. In an index block pointed to by the file's directory entry Correct answer.
  4. Inside the first data block of the file, followed by the file's contents

Explanation

Indexed allocation sets aside a separate index block for each file, and the file's directory entry records the address of that index block. The index block then holds the addresses of the file's data blocks, which allows direct access to any block without traversing a chain. Storing addresses in the first data block describes linked allocation, and the FAT is used by FAT file systems.

Question 44Operating System and File Management

A journaling file system records planned metadata changes in a log before applying them. What is the main benefit of this design?

  1. It enables consistent recovery after a sudden power failure Correct answer.
  2. It guarantees that every file will occupy contiguous disk blocks.
  3. It increases the maximum length of a file name.
  4. It removes the need to keep backup copies of user files.

Explanation

If the computer loses power during a write, the journal contains a record of the operation that was in progress. On the next mount, the file system can replay or discard incomplete transactions and return to a consistent state. Journaling does not replace backups, control block placement or change name-length limits.

Question 45Word Processing

While typing a paragraph in a word processor, the typist reaches the right margin and the next word automatically moves down to begin a new line without Enter being pressed. What is this feature called?

  1. Mail merge
  2. Word wrap Correct answer.
  3. AutoCorrect
  4. Text alignment

Explanation

Word wrap makes the word processor push a word that will not fit onto the next line automatically, so the typist never presses Enter at the margin. It inserts no paragraph mark; only a hard return starts a new paragraph. If the margins are later changed, the wrapped text reflows instantly.

Question 46Word Processing

An office assistant must send the same circular to 300 applicants, with each copy showing a different name and address taken from a prepared list. Which word-processing feature is designed for this task?

  1. AutoText
  2. Clipboard
  3. Spell check
  4. Mail merge Correct answer.

Explanation

Mail merge links a main document containing the fixed wording with a data source such as a table of names and addresses. The program then produces one personalised copy per record, so all 300 letters are generated from a single template without retyping the body text.

Question 47Word Processing

A practical report must display the institution's name at the top of every page and the page number at the bottom of every page. Where should these two items be placed?

  1. In the body text of the document
  2. In a text box on the first page
  3. In the document properties
  4. In the header and footer areas Correct answer.

Explanation

A header prints in the top margin area and a footer prints in the bottom margin area, and both repeat automatically on every page of the section. Typing the same line in the body would require manual repetition and would break as soon as the text reflows.

Question 48Word Processing

While formatting a practical file, a student accidentally deletes a whole paragraph and wants to restore it immediately. Which keyboard shortcut will reverse the deletion?

  1. Ctrl + Y
  2. Ctrl + Z Correct answer.
  3. Ctrl + P
  4. Ctrl + S

Explanation

Ctrl + Z is the standard Undo shortcut and steps back through recent actions, including an accidental deletion. Pressing it repeatedly reverses earlier edits one by one, and the restored paragraph returns with its original formatting.

Question 49Word Processing

A typist has typed the misspelling 'recieve' instead of 'receive' about forty times in a long document and must correct every occurrence in one pass. Which command is designed for this?

  1. Find and Replace (Replace All) Correct answer.
  2. The Spelling and Grammar dialog box
  3. Track Changes in review mode
  4. AutoCorrect applied while typing

Explanation

Find and Replace searches for every occurrence of the wrong spelling, and Replace All corrects them all in a single pass, which is quicker and safer than editing forty places by hand. Options such as match case or whole words help avoid unwanted replacements inside other words.

Question 50Word Processing

A document has twelve portrait pages, but the single page holding a wide table must print in landscape orientation while every other page stays portrait. What must the student insert before and after that page?

  1. A section break Correct answer.
  2. A page break
  3. A line break
  4. A column break

Explanation

Orientation, margins and paper size are section-level settings, so a section break is needed to give one part of the document a layout different from the rest. The wide table is placed in its own section set to landscape, and the section after it returns to portrait.