Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Horticulture flashcards
Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Horticulture · Build recall with a focused review session.
33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Horticulture
- The science and art of cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants, including nursery, post-harvest and landscape activities.
- Pomology
- The branch of horticulture dealing with the production, management and post-harvest handling of fruit crops such as mango, banana and guava.
- Olericulture
- The branch of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of vegetable crops, including solanaceous, cucurbit and cole crops for fresh and processed use.
- Photosynthesis equation
- 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2, occurring in chloroplasts; light reactions in thylakoids and Calvin cycle in the stroma.
- C3 vs C4 plants
- C3 plants fix CO2 using RuBP carboxylase (rice, tomato); C4 plants use PEP carboxylase (maize, sugarcane) and have low photorespiration and higher water use efficiency.
- Mango propagation
- Mango is commercially propagated by veneer grafting or stone (epicotyl) grafting on 6–12 month old rootstock seedlings; air layering is also possible.
- Banana sucker selection
- Banana is propagated by sword suckers or tissue-cultured plantlets; sword suckers have narrow leaves and are preferred over water suckers for uniform, early bearing.
- Citrus T-budding
- Citrus is propagated by T-budding on rough lemon or trifoliate rootstock; budding is done when rootstock bark slips, usually 6–12 months after sowing.
- Bahar treatment
- Withholding water and pruning after harvest to induce a distinct flowering season in guava, ber and other fruit crops; improves synchrony and market price.
- Orchard layout systems
- Arrangements of fruit trees in a plantation: square, rectangular, quincunx (filler trees), hexagonal and contour; choice depends on slope, species and machinery access.
- Tomato staking
- Supporting tomato plants with bamboo or plastic twine to keep fruit off the ground, reduce disease and facilitate spraying and harvesting.
- Protected cultivation
- Growing high-value crops under polyhouse, shade net or insect-proof net to control temperature, humidity, pests and extend the production season.
- Fertigation
- Application of soluble fertilizers through a drip irrigation system in small, frequent doses, improving nutrient use efficiency and reducing leaching losses.
- Marigold pinching
- Removal of the growing tip at 20–25 days after transplanting to encourage branching, more flowers and a compact plant in African and French marigold.
- Jasmine propagation
- Jasmine is propagated by semi-hardwood cuttings, layering or grafting; cuttings root best under high humidity with IBA treatment in a shaded nursery.
- Chrysanthemum photoperiod
- Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant; flowering is induced by long dark periods and can be scheduled with black cloth or night lighting.
- Cut flower vase life
- The period a cut flower remains acceptable after harvest; extended by clean water, citric acid, 8-HQC, cool storage and removal of lower leaves.
- Air layering
- A vegetative propagation method where a ring of bark is removed, treated with IBA, wrapped in moist medium, and roots form before separation from the parent plant.
- Grafting union
- The successful joining of scion and rootstock; requires close alignment of cambium layers, tight wrapping, and protection until the graft heals.
- Nursery solarization
- Covering moist nursery soil with transparent polythene for 4–6 weeks in summer to raise temperature and reduce soil-borne pathogens, weeds and nematodes.
- Trichoderma
- A biocontrol fungus applied to seed, soil or compost to suppress soil-borne pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium through antagonism and induced resistance.
- Soil pH range
- Most horticultural crops grow best at pH 6.0–7.0; citrus tolerates 5.5–6.5; alkaline soils above pH 7.5 cause iron and zinc deficiency.
- Essential macronutrients
- Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur, needed in larger amounts than micronutrients; deficiency causes chlorosis, stunting or necrosis.
- Drip irrigation scheduling
- Operating drip emitters at 4–6 L/h for 1–2 hours daily, adjusted to crop stage and evapotranspiration, to maintain soil moisture near field capacity.
- Integrated pest management
- A combination of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods, using monitoring and economic threshold levels to control pests with minimal pesticide use.
- Panama wilt
- A Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense disease of banana causing yellowing and splitting of pseudostem; managed by resistant varieties and clean planting material.
- Pre-harvest interval
- The minimum time between the last pesticide application and harvest, specified on the label to ensure residues remain below safety limits.
- Climacteric fruit
- Fruit that continues to ripen after harvest with a rise in respiration and ethylene production, such as mango, banana and tomato.
- Jam processing
- Preparing a preserved product from fruit pulp, sugar, acid and pectin, boiled to about 65% total soluble solids; tested by sheet or drop test.
- 1-MCP
- 1-Methylcyclopropene, a gas that blocks ethylene receptors and delays ripening and senescence of climacteric fruit and cut flowers during storage.
- Benefit-cost ratio
- Gross income divided by total cost of an enterprise; a ratio above one indicates profitability and is used to compare horticultural enterprise options.
- Farmer producer organisation
- A collective of farmers registered under cooperative or company law, providing shared inputs, grading, processing, credit and better market bargaining power.
- Soil sampling procedure
- Collecting soil from 0–15 cm at 10–15 spots, mixing, quartering to about 500 g, air-drying and labelling for laboratory analysis.