CHSE Odisha Voc. Primary Years PAF flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable adult or peer.

Conservation (Piaget)

The understanding that quantity, mass, or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance; typically achieved in the concrete operational stage around age seven.

Industry versus inferiority

Erikson's psychosocial stage for roughly ages six to twelve, where repeated success in school and peer tasks builds competence and repeated failure breeds inadequacy.

Scaffolding

Temporary, graduated support from a teacher or peer that lets a child complete a task just beyond independent reach, withdrawn as competence grows.

Akshara

A written syllable unit in Odia and other Indic scripts, consisting of a consonant with its inherent or attached vowel, or a standalone vowel sign.

Simple view of reading

The model stating reading comprehension equals decoding ability multiplied by language comprehension, so weakness in either factor limits overall reading.

Phonemic awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes in spoken words, such as blending sounds or deleting the first sound.

Invented spelling

A developmental writing stage in which children spell words using their current letter-sound knowledge, producing approximations that reveal their phonics understanding.

Concrete-representational-abstract

A three-stage instructional sequence moving from physical manipulatives, to drawings and number lines, to abstract symbols and algorithms.

Part-part-whole model

A representation showing a whole quantity split into two parts, used to build fluency in addition and subtraction and to connect the inverse operations.

Place value

The base-ten principle in which a digit's value depends on its position, with each place worth ten times the place to its right.

Unit iteration

The measurement reasoning process of repeatedly laying identical units end to end without gaps or overlaps to find the length of an object.

Scientific process skills

Observable thinking skills used in inquiry: observing, classifying, measuring, inferring, predicting, communicating, and experimenting, taught progressively in primary EVS.

Water cycle stages

Evaporation from water bodies, condensation into clouds, precipitation as rain, and collection in rivers and groundwater, all driven by solar energy.

Fair test

An experiment in which only one variable is deliberately changed while all other conditions are kept constant so the effect can be attributed.

Logical consequence

A positive-discipline response that is directly and respectfully related to the misbehaviour, such as repairing what was damaged, rather than an unrelated punishment.

Function of behaviour

The purpose a behaviour serves for the child, typically attention, escape, access to something, or sensory need, which determines an effective teacher response.

Positive reinforcement

Adding a desirable consequence after a behaviour to increase its future frequency; most effective when specific and delivered immediately.

Universal Design for Learning

A framework offering multiple means of engagement, representation, and action and expression so that varied learners can access the same curriculum.

Reasonable accommodation

Necessary and appropriate modifications or adjustments, without disproportionate burden, enabling a learner with a disability to participate on an equal basis.

Differentiation

Proactively adapting content, process, product, or learning environment to match learners' readiness, interests, and profiles within the same classroom.

Formative assessment

Ongoing evidence gathering during teaching, used to give feedback and adjust instruction rather than to assign a final grade.

Anecdotal record

A dated, factual narrative note describing a specific observed incident of a child's behaviour or learning, kept brief and free of interpretation.

Running record

A verbatim, real-time record of a child's oral reading, noting errors, self-corrections, and strategies, used to determine reading level and needs.

Portfolio assessment

A dated collection of a learner's work and reflections, reviewed over time to document growth, effort, and achievement against learning goals.

Vitamin A deficiency

A nutritional deficiency that impairs vision, notably causing night blindness, and lowers resistance to infection in children.

Iron deficiency anaemia

A condition from insufficient iron causing reduced haemoglobin, with pallor, fatigue, and poor concentration that affect classroom learning.

Burn first aid

Cool the burn under running water for about twenty minutes, cover loosely, and avoid ice, toothpaste, or oil; seek medical help for severe burns.

School Management Committee

A committee under the RTE Act, 2009, with at least three-quarters parent members and half of members women, monitoring school functioning and development.

Confidentiality

The ethical duty to protect learners' personal, health, and assessment information, sharing it only with those who need it for the child's welfare.

TPACK

A framework stating that effective technology integration requires the intersection of technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge rather than technology skill alone.

SAMR model

A four-level ladder of technology use: Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition, where the upper levels transform rather than merely enhance tasks.