Odisha CHSE +2 Vocational Textile Designing flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Hue, value and saturation

The three dimensions of colour: hue is the colour family name, value is lightness or darkness, and saturation is the purity or intensity of the colour.

Simultaneous contrast

A visual effect in which a colour appears different depending on the surrounding colour. The same grey looks darker on white and lighter on black.

Asymmetrical balance

A design principle where unequal elements on either side of an axis are balanced by differences in size, colour intensity or visual weight, creating dynamic but stable composition.

Staple versus filament fibre

Staple fibres are short and must be twisted together into yarn. Filament fibres are continuous strands, giving smoother, stronger yarns with less protruding fibre end.

Tex and denier

Direct yarn count systems where a higher number means a coarser yarn. Tex is grams per 1000 metres; denier is grams per 9000 metres, so denier equals nine times tex.

S-twist and Z-twist

Yarn twist directions named by the slant of the spiral: S-twist leans like the middle of the letter S, Z-twist the opposite way. Plyed yarns usually combine opposite twists.

Satin weave characteristics

A weave with long floats crossing few interlacing points, producing high lustre and smooth handle but lower abrasion resistance because yarns are not firmly locked in place.

Discharge printing

A printing method where the fabric is dyed first and a paste containing a discharging agent removes colour in selected areas, creating light patterns on a dark ground.

Reactive dye fixation

Reactive dyes form covalent bonds with cellulose fibres in alkaline conditions, giving high wash fastness. Unfixed dye must be washed off thoroughly to prevent later bleeding.

Crock fastness

Colour fastness to rubbing, tested both dry and wet against white cloth and rated on the grey scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).

Half-drop repeat

A repeat system where alternate vertical columns of motifs are offset by half the repeat height, producing a diagonal rather than straight grid arrangement across the fabric.

Buti and buta motifs

Traditional Indian terms for small scattered single motifs (buti) and a large single motif (buta) placed on a plain ground, common in sarees and printed dress fabric.

Seamless repeat test

Checking that a design tiles without visible joins by offsetting the artwork by half its width and height, then repairing any motif broken at the boundary.

Sambalpuri bandha

A tie-dye ikat handloom tradition of western Odisha, where yarns are bound and dyed before weaving, producing feathered motifs such as conch, wheel and flower.

Double ikat Patola

A silk textile from Patan, Gujarat, in which both warp and weft yarns are resist-dyed before weaving so the pattern appears identically on both faces of the fabric.

Pipili appliqué

An Odisha craft from Pipili village near Puri in which coloured fabric pieces are cut and stitched onto a ground cloth, traditionally used for temple canopies and banners.

Kotpad natural dye textile

A handloom tradition of Kotpad in Koraput, Odisha, using natural dyes mainly from the aal root for red and iron salt for black on coarse cotton fabric.

Raster versus vector image

Raster images are made of pixels and lose quality when enlarged. Vector images are made of mathematical paths and scale to any size without loss, suiting repeats.

Colour mode RGB and CMYK

RGB is an additive screen colour mode; CMYK is a subtractive print colour mode. Designs must be converted to CMYK before print output because bright RGB colours cannot be reproduced.

Offset filter in repeat design

A CAD function that shifts an image by half its dimensions so the repeat joins appear in the centre of the screen, making seam defects easy to see and repair.

Digital textile printing advantage

Inkjet printing applies colour directly without screens, so there is no repeat size limit and short runs or many colourways become economical compared with screen printing.

GSM and fabric weight

GSM is fabric weight in grams per square metre. It is calculated from a cut sample weighed on a balance and is used to compare fabric substance and cost.

Martindale abrasion test

A test in which fabric is rubbed against a standard abrasive under defined pressure, and the number of rubs to yarn breakdown or a specified appearance change is recorded.

Shrinkage percentage formula

Shrinkage percent equals original length minus final length, divided by original length, multiplied by 100. Test conditions such as temperature and detergent must be stated.

Four-point fabric inspection

A defect grading system assigning 1 to 4 penalty points by defect length, totalled per 100 square yards to give a comparable quality score for a fabric lot.

Prime cost and works cost

Prime cost is direct material plus direct labour plus direct expenses. Adding factory overheads to prime cost gives works cost, the basis for further cost build-up.

Break-even quantity

The output at which total revenue equals total cost, calculated as fixed cost divided by selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit.

Markup versus margin

Markup is profit as a percentage of cost; margin is profit as a percentage of selling price. The same rupee profit therefore gives a higher markup figure than margin figure.

Reactive dye sensitisation

Reactive dyes can cause skin and respiratory sensitisation, an irreversible immune response, so exposure must be controlled by ventilation, gloves and enclosure rather than by treating symptoms.

Byssinosis

A lung disease caused by inhaling cotton dust in textile processing, prevented by local exhaust ventilation, dust extraction and respiratory protection in opening and carding areas.

Zero liquid discharge

An effluent strategy in which treated textile wastewater is recovered and reused so no liquid leaves the plant, leaving only solid sludge for disposal.

Portfolio technical sheet

A page recording repeat size, number of colours or screens, colourway codes, scale and registration marks so that another person can reproduce the design exactly.