CSIR-CRRI JSA flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Letter position trick

Assign A=1 to Z=26. Opposite letters sum to 27 (A-Z, B-Y, C-X). Reverse alphabet position of a letter equals 27 minus its forward position.

Blood relation notation

Draw males with a plus sign and females with a minus sign. Vertical lines show parent-child links, horizontal lines show spouse or sibling links. Read the question from the completed tree.

Circular seating facing centre

When people face the centre of a circle, a person's left is clockwise and right is anticlockwise. Fix one person first, then place others relative to that anchor.

Valid syllogism conclusion

A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram consistent with the premises. A possibility that contradicts one valid diagram makes the conclusion invalid.

Net displacement direction problem

Sketch each move on a compass. Total north-south and east-west shifts give the net displacement, and straight-line distance between start and end uses Pythagoras.

Number series check order

First test constant differences, then ratios, then alternating operations or two interleaved series. Squares, cubes and primes are common building blocks.

Analogy relation types

Common relations are part to whole, cause to effect, worker to workplace, tool to user, synonym, antonym, and number to its square or cube. Match the same relation in the answer.

CSIR-CRRI identity

The Central Road Research Institute is a CSIR constituent laboratory established in 1952 in New Delhi, researching roads, pavements, bridges, materials and traffic engineering.

Fundamental Rights location

Fundamental Rights are in Part III of the Indian Constitution, Articles 12 to 35. Directive Principles are in Part IV, and Article 21A covers the Right to Education.

IS 456 scope

IS 456 is the Indian Standard code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, covering materials, mix design, structural design and durability requirements.

Tropic of Cancer in India

The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight Indian states, including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

Bitumen grading

Bitumen is graded mainly by penetration value and viscosity. Lower penetration number means harder bitumen; viscosity grades are used for paving and industrial applications.

NHAI role

The National Highways Authority of India develops, maintains and manages national highways. It works under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and manages highway projects.

Portland cement setting

Portland cement hardens by hydration, mainly of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, forming calcium silicate hydrate gel that binds the aggregates into a solid mass.

IRC full form

IRC stands for Indian Roads Congress, the body that publishes standard codes and guidelines for road design, construction, pavement and traffic engineering in India.

Speed unit conversion

To convert kilometres per hour to metres per second, multiply by 5/18. To convert metres per second to kilometres per hour, multiply by 18/5.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a percent and b percent give a net change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A rise then equal fall always leaves a net decrease.

Compound interest formula

The compound interest amount is P(1 + R/100)^T. For two years, compound interest minus simple interest equals P multiplied by (R/100) squared.

Work rate addition

If A finishes a job in x days and B in y days, their rates are 1/x and 1/y. Together they take xy/(x + y) days to finish the same job.

Average shift rule

When every value in a set is increased or decreased by the same amount k, the average changes by exactly k. The spread of values is unchanged.

Ratio division formula

To divide a total in the ratio m to n, the two parts are total times m/(m + n) and total times n/(m + n). The parts always add back to the total.

Circle and sphere formulas

Circle area is pi r squared and circumference is 2 pi r. Sphere volume is four-thirds pi r cubed. Cylinder volume is pi r squared h.

nCr and nPr

nPr equals n factorial divided by (n minus r) factorial. nCr equals n factorial divided by r factorial times (n minus r) factorial, and counts unordered selections.

Profit percentage base

Profit percent equals selling price minus cost price, divided by cost price, times 100. The cost price is the base unless the question explicitly says otherwise.

Subject-verb agreement rule

A singular subject takes a singular verb. With either-or and neither-nor, the verb agrees with the nearer subject. Each, every and everyone are singular.

Article usage rule

Use a before consonant sounds and an before vowel sounds, so an hour and a university. Use the for unique or already specified nouns.

Since versus for

Use since with a point of time, as in since 2010. Use for with a duration, as in for five years. Both pair with perfect tenses.

Present perfect use

The present perfect, has or have plus past participle, describes a past action with present relevance. The past perfect marks the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive steps

Make the object the new subject, use the correct form of be with the past participle, and add by before the original subject. Keep the original tense.

Uncountable nouns

Words such as furniture, information, advice, luggage and equipment are uncountable. They take singular verbs and no plural form, and are not preceded by a or an.

Let the cat out of the bag

This idiom means to reveal a secret, usually accidentally. It is used when confidential information becomes known earlier than intended.

One of the plus plural noun

The phrase one of the takes a plural noun but a singular verb, as in one of the boys is present. The relative clause after it usually takes a plural verb.