CUET PG flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

CUET PG marking scheme

Each subject paper carries 75 questions worth 4 marks for a correct answer and minus 1 for a wrong answer, with 0 for unattempted questions, giving a maximum raw score of 300.

CUET PG paper duration

Each CUET PG subject paper is a computer-based test of 105 minutes containing 75 questions, administered in the language(s) specified for that paper by the National Testing Agency.

Guess break-even accuracy

With +4 for correct and -1 for wrong, a guess has zero expected value at 20 percent accuracy, since 4p - (1 - p) = 0 gives p = 1/5.

Effective score formula

Raw score equals 4C minus W, where C is the number of correct answers and W the number of wrong answers, so converting eliminations into attempts raises the score only above 20 percent confidence.

Normalization across shifts

When a subject paper is held in multiple shifts, scores may be normalized so candidates in different shifts are compared fairly, making percentile more meaningful than raw marks.

Successive percentage change

A change of x percent followed by y percent gives a net change of x + y + xy/100 when both are increases, and x - y - xy/100 for an increase then a decrease.

Compound interest difference

For two years, the difference between compound interest and simple interest on principal P at rate R is P multiplied by (R/100) squared.

Harmonic mean average speed

When equal distances are covered at speeds u and v, the average speed for the whole journey is 2uv/(u + v), the harmonic mean, not the arithmetic mean.

Combined work formula

If A alone finishes a job in a days and B in b days, working together they finish it in ab/(a + b) days, derived from the rate equation 1/a + 1/b = 1/T.

Alligation rule

To mix two ingredients priced at c and d to obtain a mean price m, the ratio of their quantities is (m - c) to (d - m), where c is less than m and m is less than d.

Geometric mean in proportion

If a, b, c are in continued proportion so that a:b equals b:c, then b squared equals ac, making b the geometric mean of a and c.

Independent events probability

For independent events A and B, the probability that both occur is P(A) times P(B); for mutually exclusive events it is instead the sum P(A) + P(B).

Number series strategy

Test first differences, then second differences; if neither is constant, check whether odd-position and even-position terms form two separate arithmetic or geometric progressions.

Syllogism validity test

A conclusion is valid only if it holds in every Venn diagram consistent with the premises; a single counterexample diagram is enough to reject it.

Direction sense displacement

After moving a metres north, b east, c south and d west, net displacement is the square root of (b - d) squared plus (a - c) squared.

Reading comprehension inference rule

The correct answer must be directly supported by the passage; options using extreme words such as always or never usually overstate and are therefore wrong.

Para jumble opening sentence

The opening sentence usually introduces a general idea and contains no pronoun or connector referring backward; later sentences chain through pronouns and words such as however and therefore.

Percentage points versus percent

A change from 20 percent to 25 percent is 5 percentage points but a 25 percent relative increase, computed as (25 - 20)/20 multiplied by 100.

Projectile maximum range

For launch speed u and angle theta, range is u squared times sin(2 theta) divided by g, so maximum range occurs at 45 degrees when air resistance is neglected.

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

For a weak acid buffer, pH equals pKa plus the logarithm of the ratio of conjugate base concentration to weak acid concentration, valid at equilibrium and 25 degrees Celsius.

Molar volume at STP

At 273.15 kelvin and 1 atmosphere, one mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 litres, following from PV = nRT with R equal to 0.0821 litre-atmosphere per mole-kelvin.

Le Chatelier pressure effect

Increasing pressure on a gaseous equilibrium shifts it toward the side with fewer moles of gas, while a catalyst speeds attainment of equilibrium without changing the constant.

Michaelis-Menten equation

Reaction velocity equals Vmax times substrate concentration divided by Km plus substrate concentration; Km is the substrate concentration giving half the maximum velocity.

Monohybrid F2 ratios

A cross of two heterozygotes gives a 3:1 phenotypic ratio and a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio in the F2 generation when one gene with complete dominance is involved.

Accounting equation

Assets equal liabilities plus equity, and every transaction must leave this equation balanced, which is the foundation of double-entry bookkeeping.

Net present value rule

NPV is the sum of future cash flows each discounted by (1 + r) to the power n, minus the initial investment; a positive NPV means the project adds value.

Price elasticity of demand

Elasticity equals the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price; demand is elastic when its absolute value exceeds one and inelastic when below one.

Real versus nominal GDP

Nominal GDP values output at current prices, while real GDP uses base-year prices, so real GDP measures changes in actual output volume rather than price inflation.

Herzberg two-factor theory

Hygiene factors such as salary and working conditions prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate, whereas motivators such as achievement and recognition produce genuine satisfaction.

Binary search complexity

Binary search on a sorted array halves the search interval each step, giving O(log n) time, whereas linear search on n elements takes O(n) time.

Deadlock four conditions

Deadlock requires mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait to hold simultaneously; removing any one condition prevents deadlock from occurring.

TCP versus UDP

TCP is connection-oriented, ordered, and reliable with acknowledgements and retransmission, while UDP is connectionless and unreliable but has lower overhead for real-time traffic.