Delhi Police HC AWO/TPO key terms

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, such as equality, speech, and life; courts can enforce them, and they are essential to this exam's polity section.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing governments to pursue social and economic welfare; they are not enforceable in courts but shape policy and legislation.

Formal written order of a court commanding action, such as habeas corpus or mandamus; Articles 32 and 226 empower the Supreme Court and High Courts to issue them.

The elected legislature of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, with 70 seats; it can legislate on State List subjects except police, public order, and land.

Official constitutional name for Delhi under Article 239AA; it has a Legislative Assembly and Council of Ministers, but certain subjects remain with the Union government.

The administrator appointed by the President to head the NCT of Delhi; the office represents the Union in the capital territory and acts on ministerial advice subject to constitutional limits.

Major river flowing through Delhi, dividing the city into eastern and western banks; it supplies water, shapes floodplain ecology, and features in Delhi's geography questions.

Northern extension of the Aravalli hills running through Delhi; it is a rocky, forested landform that moderates local climate and appears in Delhi geography questions.

Ancient mountain range running southwest from Delhi through Haryana and Rajasthan; the Delhi Ridge is its northernmost remnant, making it relevant to regional geography.

Logical argument with two premises and a conclusion, tested by rules such as Venn diagrams; candidates decide whether the conclusion necessarily follows from the given statements.

Diagram using overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships; it is the standard tool for solving syllogism and set-membership reasoning questions quickly.

Unstated premise that must be true for a given argument or statement to hold; identifying it is central to critical reasoning questions in the paper.

A practical step proposed after a problem statement; reasoning questions ask which steps logically follow and are feasible, distinguishing them from irrelevant or extreme measures.

Reasoning task where letters or words are transformed by a rule, such as shifting positions or reversing order; the candidate identifies the rule and applies it to a new word.

Question type requiring the next term of a number, letter, or figure sequence; the candidate detects the underlying pattern, such as differences, squares, or alternating operations.

Reasoning item presenting a pair with a relationship and asking for a matching pair; the candidate identifies the relation, such as part-to-whole or cause-to-effect.

Reasoning problem tracing a person's path through turns and distances; the candidate determines final direction or displacement using a compass sketch.

Reasoning questions describing family links through statements or symbols; the candidate deduces how two people are related, often using a family tree.

Lowest Common Multiple, the smallest number divisible by each of a given set of numbers; used in arithmetic problems about bells ringing together or fractions with different denominators.

Highest Common Factor, the largest number dividing each of a given set of numbers without remainder; applied in grouping and simplification problems.

Comparison of quantities by division and equation of two such comparisons; central to mixture, partnership, and map-scale problems in quantitative aptitude.

A fraction expressed per hundred; used in profit and loss, discount, population, and data interpretation questions, often combined with ratio and average concepts.

Interest calculated only on the original principal using the formula P×R×T/100; contrasted with compound interest in numerical ability questions.

Interest calculated on principal plus accumulated interest, growing each period; problems often ask for the difference between compound and simple interest over two years.

Relationship where distance equals speed multiplied by time; used in train, boat, and relative-motion problems, including conversion between km/h and m/s.

Sum of values divided by their count; used in problems on ages, scores, and replacement of members, and often linked to speed and mixture questions.

Sentence construction where the subject performs the action, as in 'The operator sent the message'; grammar questions test conversion to and from passive voice.

Construction where the object becomes the subject and the verb uses a form of 'be' plus past participle, as in 'The message was sent by the operator'.

Reporting a speaker's exact words inside quotation marks; grammar items ask candidates to convert it into indirect speech with correct tense and pronoun changes.

Fixed expression whose meaning differs from its literal words, such as 'at the eleventh hour'; vocabulary questions test recognition and correct usage.

A word with a meaning close to another word in the same context; synonym questions test vocabulary range and precision in the English section.

A word expressing the opposite meaning of another, such as 'expand' and 'contract'; antonym questions test vocabulary and contextual understanding.

दो वर्णों या शब्दों के मेल से उत्पन्न विकार को संधि कहते हैं, जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय; हिंदी व्याकरण में संधि-विच्छेद पूछा जाता है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं, जैसे राजपुत्र = राजा का पुत्र; इसके भेद और विग्रह हिंदी व्याकरण में महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देता है, जैसे 'प्र' + 'गति' = प्रगति; हिंदी व्याकरण में इसकी पहचान पूछी जाती है।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नया अर्थ या भेद बनाता है, जैसे 'लड़कपन' में 'पन'; हिंदी व्याकरण के प्रश्नों में इसका ज्ञान आवश्यक है।

ऐसा वाक्यांश जिसका अर्थ शब्दों के सामान्य अर्थ से भिन्न होता है, जैसे 'आँख का तारा'; हिंदी खंड में मुहावरों का अर्थ और प्रयोग पूछा जाता है।

जनसमाज में प्रचलित सूक्ति या कहावत, जैसे 'अंधों में काना राजा'; हिंदी प्रश्नपत्र में इसका अर्थ और संदर्भ पूछा जाता है।

Process of varying a carrier wave's amplitude, frequency, or phase to carry information such as voice; AM and FM are the common forms in radio communication.

High-frequency continuous wave generated by an oscillator and modified by modulation to transmit information; its frequency determines the radio channel used.

Conductor that radiates or receives electromagnetic waves, converting electrical signals to radio waves and back; its length and orientation affect range and gain.

Number of complete cycles of a wave per second, measured in hertz; radio channels are identified by frequency, and bands range from HF to VHF and UHF.

Distance between successive corresponding points of a wave, equal to wave speed divided by frequency; shorter wavelengths need shorter antennas and behave more like light.

Way radio waves travel from transmitter to receiver, through ground waves, skywave ionospheric reflection, or line-of-sight; frequency and terrain decide the usable mode.

Equipment combining a transmitter and receiver in one unit, sharing circuits and an antenna; wireless sets used by police are typical transceivers.

Station that receives a weak signal on one frequency and retransmits it on another at higher power, extending coverage; it is common in VHF police networks.

Electromechanical terminal that sends and receives typed messages over a telegraph circuit, printing text on paper; it uses standardized codes and start-stop signalling.

Five-bit character code used in teleprinter and telegraph systems, with shift codes to extend the character set; it is the classic code for start-stop printing telegraphy.

Number of signal elements or symbols transmitted per second; in teleprinter circuits it indicates signalling speed, distinct from bits per second when symbols carry multiple bits.

Statement that current through a conductor is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance, V = IR; it underpins basic electronics calculations.

Component that opposes current flow and dissipates energy as heat; its value in ohms and colour code are common electronics questions.

Circuit, often using diodes, that converts alternating current into direct current; it is a standard stage in power supplies for communication equipment.