DSSSB JE Exam key terms

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering equality, speech, religion, and life. They are enforceable in court through writs, unlike Directive Principles.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing governments to promote welfare, social justice, and a fair economy. They are not directly enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance.

A formal application to a High Court or the Supreme Court asking it to enforce a fundamental right or correct an illegal action by authorities, using tools such as habeas corpus or mandamus.

The three-tier system of local self-government in rural India, established under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, operating at village, block, and district levels with elected representatives.

The 1992 amendment that gave constitutional status to urban local bodies such as municipal corporations and municipalities, requiring regular elections and reservation of seats.

The annual financial statement of the Government of India showing estimated receipts and expenditure for the coming financial year, presented in Parliament before it begins on 1 April.

The gap between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts excluding borrowings. It indicates how much the government must borrow to meet its spending needs.

The interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against securities. Changes here influence inflation, credit growth, and loan rates.

A period of rapid agricultural growth in India from the late 1960s driven by high-yielding seed varieties, chemical fertilisers, irrigation, and mechanisation, especially in Punjab and Haryana.

The dairy development programme associated with Operation Flood, launched in 1970, which organised milk producers into cooperatives and made India a leading milk producer.

The latitude about 23.5 degrees north of the equator. It passes through eight Indian states, from Gujarat in the west to Mizoram in the east, dividing India into roughly equal halves.

A seasonal reversal of wind direction that brings heavy rainfall to India, chiefly the southwest monsoon from June to September, on which most Indian agriculture depends.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule, such as adding a fixed value, multiplying, or squaring. Candidates identify the pattern to find a missing or wrong term.

A reasoning question presenting two related pairs and asking for a missing element, where the relationship between the first pair must be applied to the second.

A question giving a group of items that share a common property and asking which item does not fit, testing the ability to spot the underlying rule.

A reasoning topic where words or letters are converted into a code using a fixed rule, and the candidate must apply or reverse that rule to answer the question.

Puzzles describing family relationships through statements or symbols, requiring the candidate to deduce how two people are related, such as uncle, sister-in-law, or grandfather.

A reasoning topic where a person moves in various directions and the candidate must determine the final position, distance, or facing direction using compass directions and simple geometry.

A logic question giving statements such as 'All A are B' and asking which conclusions necessarily follow. Answers must hold in every possible case, not just the obvious one.

A diagram using overlapping circles to represent sets and their relationships. It is used to test syllogistic conclusions and to solve questions on common members between groups.

A puzzle where people are placed in a row or around a table and clues about positions, facing directions, or neighbours must be used to fix the complete arrangement.

A non-verbal reasoning task asking which option shows a figure as it would appear reflected in a mirror placed vertically or horizontally beside it.

A non-verbal reasoning task where a sheet is folded, punched, and unfolded, and the candidate must identify the pattern of holes that would appear on the open sheet.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. Used to compare quantities, compute profit, loss, discount, and interest, and to solve data interpretation questions.

A comparison of two quantities by division and an equation stating two ratios are equal. Used to divide amounts and solve mixture, partnership, and age problems.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values. Problems often involve changes in average when a member joins, leaves, or is replaced.

Calculations of gain or loss based on cost price and selling price, including mark-up and discount. Profit percentage is normally calculated on the cost price.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal times rate times time divided by 100, without compounding.

Interest calculated on both the principal and previously earned interest, so the amount grows faster than under simple interest over multiple periods.

Problems where the rate of completing a task is expressed as work per day, and combined or partial work by several persons or pipes must be calculated.

The relationship that distance equals speed multiplied by time. Used for problems on trains, boats and streams, relative speed, and average speed over unequal distances.

The least common multiple is the smallest number divisible by each given number; the highest common factor is the largest number dividing each. Both are used in cycle and remainder problems.

दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं, जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय। प्रश्नों में संधि-विच्छेद और संधि का नाम पूछा जाता है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं। परीक्षा में समास-विग्रह तथा समास के भेद जैसे तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व और बहुव्रीहि पूछे जाते हैं।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देता है, जैसे 'प्र' + 'हार' = प्रहार। प्रश्नों में उपसर्ग पहचानने और नया शब्द बनाने को कहा जाता है।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर उसका अर्थ या रूप बदलता है, जैसे 'लड़क' + 'पन' = लड़कपन। परीक्षा में कृत् और तद्धित प्रत्यय पूछे जाते हैं।

किसी शब्द के समान अर्थ वाले दूसरे शब्दों को पर्यायवाची कहते हैं, जैसे जल के लिए नीर, पानी और वारि। इससे शब्द-भंडार और अर्थ-बोध की परख होती है।

किसी शब्द का उल्टा अर्थ बताने वाला शब्द विलोम कहलाता है, जैसे दिन का विलोम रात और उचित का अनुचित। प्रश्नों में सही विलोम शब्द चुनना होता है।

ऐसे शब्द जिनके प्रसंग के अनुसार दो या अधिक अर्थ होते हैं, जैसे 'कनक' का अर्थ सोना और धतूरा दोनों है। इनका अर्थ वाक्य के संदर्भ से तय होता है।

ऐसा वाक्यांश जो अपने शब्दों के सीधे अर्थ के बजाय एक विशेष लाक्षणिक अर्थ देता है, जैसे 'आँख का तारा' का अर्थ अत्यंत प्रिय व्यक्ति। वाक्य में प्रयोग पूछा जाता है।

जन-जीवन में प्रचलित पूर्ण वाक्य जो कोई अनुभवजन्य सत्य या नीति व्यक्त करता है, जैसे 'अंधों में काना राजा'। इसका अर्थ और प्रयोग परीक्षा में पूछा जाता है।

व्याकरण के नियमों के अनुसार वाक्य में लिंग, वचन, कारक, काल या पद-क्रम की अशुद्धि पहचानकर उसे ठीक करने की क्षमता। इसके अंतर्गत अशुद्ध वाक्य का शुद्ध रूप चुनना होता है।

Words having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word, such as 'abundant' and 'plentiful'. Questions ask candidates to pick the closest match from the given options.

Words opposite in meaning to a given word, such as 'scarce' for 'abundant'. Candidates must select the option that most directly contrasts with the headword.

A fixed group of words whose meaning differs from the literal meaning of its parts, such as 'to burn the midnight oil' meaning to study late. Questions test meaning or correct usage.

Replacing a descriptive phrase with a single precise word, such as 'one who speaks many languages' for 'polyglot'. This tests vocabulary range and precision of expression.

The grammatical transformation where the object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive one, as in 'She wrote the letter' becoming 'The letter was written by her'.

Conversion of quoted speech into reported speech, requiring changes in pronouns, tense, and time words, such as 'He said, "I am busy"' becoming 'He said that he was busy'.

A question type where a sentence is divided into parts and the candidate identifies the part containing a grammatical error in subject-verb agreement, preposition, article, or tense.

A question giving a sentence with an underlined or bracketed portion and four replacement options, where the candidate selects the grammatically correct and most appropriate substitute.

A passage followed by questions on its main idea, specific details, inference, tone, and vocabulary in context. Answers must be supported by the passage rather than outside knowledge.