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When the Constitution came into force in 1950, Part III contained seven Fundamental Rights, including the right to property. The right to property was later removed as a Fundamental Right by the 44th Amendment in 1978.
Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form, and the Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 gives it effect. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds such as religion, race, caste or sex.
The Tropic of Cancer crosses eight Indian states, from Gujarat in the west through Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. It passes near Bhopal and Ranchi, roughly midway across the country.
The Kosi shifts its course frequently and causes severe flooding in north Bihar, earning the name 'Sorrow of Bihar'. The Damodar is similarly called the 'Sorrow of Bengal'.
Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey in 1757, which established British political power in Bengal. The Battle of Buxar followed in 1764 and consolidated that control.
Akbar built the Buland Darwaza around 1575 to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. It forms the monumental southern gateway of the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri.
Permanent hardness results from dissolved calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides, which are not removed by boiling. Temporary hardness, caused by bicarbonates, can be removed by boiling.
Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine, or vitamin B1, which affects nerve and heart function. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy and vitamin D deficiency causes rickets.
Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for Gitanjali, becoming the first Indian laureate. C. V. Raman won the Physics prize later, in 1930.
Article 280 requires the President to constitute a Finance Commission every five years to recommend distribution of revenues between the Union and the states. Article 324 deals with the Election Commission.
Article 117 requires the President's recommendation for introducing a money bill, and Article 110 defines what a money bill is. The bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha has limited powers over it.
The liver is the largest gland in the body and performs functions such as bile secretion, detoxification and storage of glycogen. The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland but is much smaller.
Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, which releases carbon dioxide on heating or on reaction with acid. Sodium carbonate is washing soda and calcium carbonate is limestone.
The 86th Amendment inserted Article 51A(k), making it a duty of parents and guardians to provide opportunities for education to children between six and fourteen years. It also inserted Article 21A on the right to education.
Lord Dalhousie used the Doctrine of Lapse in the 1840s and 1850s to annex states such as Satara, Jhansi and Nagpur when rulers died without a natural heir. The policy became a major grievance behind the revolt of 1857.
Zoji La lies on the Srinagar-Leh highway and links the Kashmir Valley with Ladakh through the Zaskar range. Nathu La connects Sikkim with Tibet.
The Surat session of 1907 witnessed the split between Moderates and Extremists over the choice of president and methods of struggle. The two groups reunited at the Lucknow session of 1916.
Rice is a Kharif crop, sown with the onset of the monsoon and harvested in autumn. Wheat, mustard and gram are Rabi crops grown in the winter season.
The WTO, established in 1995 as the successor to GATT, is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. New York hosts the United Nations headquarters and Vienna hosts the IAEA.
Gujarat has the longest coastline among Indian states, stretching over 1,600 km along the Arabian Sea. It includes the Gulf of Kachchh and the Gulf of Khambhat.
The 42nd Amendment of 1976, passed during the Emergency, made wide-ranging changes including the addition of Fundamental Duties and the words socialist and secular to the Preamble. Its breadth earned it the title 'Mini Constitution'.
Sattriya originated in the Vaishnava monasteries of Assam and was recognised as a classical dance form in 2000. Kathakali belongs to Kerala and Kuchipudi to Andhra Pradesh.
The RBI began operations in 1935 as a private shareholders' bank and was nationalised on 1 January 1949. The Imperial Bank, later renamed State Bank of India, was nationalised in 1955.
Article 200 allows the Governor to assent, withhold assent, return a bill, or reserve it for the President's consideration. Article 201 then governs the President's action on such a reserved bill.
The Green Revolution of the late 1960s, led by M. S. Swaminathan, focused on high-yielding varieties of wheat in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. It sharply raised wheat output and reduced dependence on imports.
The Tropic of Cancer (about 23.5° N) crosses India roughly through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. Rajasthan lies on this line near its western end, while states such as Kerala and Punjab lie wholly south and north of it respectively.
Japan's official currency is the yen, issued by the Bank of Japan. The other names belong to different East and Southeast Asian economies, so only one option fits Japan.
The ampere is the SI base unit of electric current, defined through the elementary charge. Volt, ohm and coulomb measure potential difference, resistance and charge respectively, so they cannot be the unit of current.
Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey in 1757, a victory that established Company political power in Bengal. Alivardi Khan was Siraj-ud-Daulah's grandfather and predecessor, while Mir Qasim came later and fought at Buxar in 1764.
Under Article 324, the superintendence, direction and control of electoral rolls and elections vest in the Election Commission of India. The rolls are prepared through the Chief Electoral Officer of each state under the Commission's direction, not by the ministries or the UPSC.
Quicklime is calcium oxide, CaO, obtained by heating limestone strongly. Slaked lime is Ca(OH)2, limestone is CaCO3 and gypsum is CaSO4·2H2O, so only CaO matches quicklime.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the thin alveolar-capillary membrane along their partial pressure gradients by simple diffusion. No energy is spent, and osmosis refers specifically to water movement, so diffusion is the correct mechanism.
Moving northwards from the Indo-Gangetic plain, the Himalayan system is arranged as the Shivalik foothills, then the Lesser (Himachal) Himalaya, then the Greater (Himadri) Himalaya, and finally the Trans-Himalayan ranges such as the Karakoram and Ladakh. This south-to-north order reflects the sequence of uplift and terrain.
Nirvana is the Buddhist goal of extinguishing craving and thereby ending the cycle of rebirth and suffering, central to the Four Noble Truths. Jainism uses moksha and kevala jnana, while Sikhism speaks of union with the divine, so Buddhism is the fitting answer.
The MGNREGS, enacted in 2005, guarantees at least 100 days of unskilled manual work per rural household per financial year, with unemployment allowance if work is not provided. The other options describe the public distribution system, crop insurance and the Ujjwala scheme respectively.
The Earth is layered by composition and physical state: a thin solid crust, a thick rocky mantle, a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. The outer core is liquid while the inner core is solid because pressure raises the melting point despite higher temperature.
Article 161 empowers the Governor to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment for offences against laws relating to matters within the state's executive power. Article 72 gives the analogous power to the President, including in certain cases that the Governor cannot handle.
Atmospheric pressure is measured with a barometer, commonly a mercury or aneroid type. A hygrometer measures humidity, an anemometer measures wind speed and a lactometer checks the purity of milk, so a barometer is the only correct choice.
Kathakali is a classical dance-drama of Kerala, known for elaborate makeup and costumes. Kuchipudi belongs to Andhra Pradesh, Sattriya to Assam and Mohiniyattam to Kerala, so only the Kathakali pair is correct.
Article 40, a Directive Principle of State Policy, directs the State to organise village panchayats and endow them with necessary powers to function as units of self-government. This principle was later given effect through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992.
The convention maps each letter to its alphabet position: D=4, S=19, S=19, S=19, B=2. So DSSSB becomes 4 19 19 19 2. The key is counting positions accurately from A=1.
Facing north, a 90-degree clockwise turn gives east. A further 180-degree turn reverses the direction, so east becomes west. Careful: the final answer after both turns is west, so track each turn in sequence.
The differences between consecutive terms are 3, 5, 7, 9, increasing by 2 each time. The next difference is 11, so 27 + 11 = 38. Checking the pattern of odd differences confirms the result.
The grandfather's only son must be Ravi's father. The daughter of Ravi's father is Ravi's sister. Since the son is 'only', there is no uncle involved, ruling out cousin.
The relation is cube: 8 cubed is 512. Applying the same rule, 5 cubed is 125. Checking 5 x 5 x 5 confirms the value.
Square, rectangle and rhombus are all two-dimensional plane figures, while a cube is a three-dimensional solid. The odd one out is the only solid.
M becomes N, O becomes P, B becomes C, and so on; each letter moves one step ahead in the alphabet. This consistent single forward shift produces NPCMJF from MOBILE.
In 24 minutes the minute hand moves 144 degrees and the hour hand moves 12 degrees. Their relative gain is therefore 144-12=132 degrees.
The position from the right equals total students minus position from the left plus one: 40 - 12 + 1 = 29. The plus one accounts for Amit himself being counted once.
The premises only guarantee that all engineers are graduates and that some graduates are managers. Since the manager graduates could overlap with engineers, only a possibility conclusion is certain. A definite 'some engineers are managers' cannot be drawn.